Truman s Foreign Policy On President Of The United States

Throughout his tenure as the President of the United States, the public opinion of Harry S. Truman has varied wildly, from being beloved by most all the American population, to being opposed by that same populace a few short years later. Though his domestic policy certainly did not help him, Truman’s foreign policy, the most famous, or infamous, depending on how one looks at it, was the most influential with the public. The anti-communist fervor in the United States, coupled with a few other factors, led to the Truman Administration’s increasingly unpopular actions in its foreign policy. The main causes of Truman’s unpopularity in his second term as president were rooted in his anti-communist and imperialist foreign policy towards the end, and after World War 2. Before delving into how Truman’s foreign policy affected public opinion on him, it is important to see the man’s own beliefs on the subject. On foreign policy, Truman claimed that his foreig n policy had been made â€Å"on the basis of an informed public opinion and overwhelming support† (Source 2 p.190), and he wasn’t wrong to a certain extent. It was successful in the way Fmr. Secretary of State Christian Herter describes: â€Å"a successful foreign policy must†¦ to be effective, command the support of the vast majority of the American people-otherwise it would not be given the tools by the Congress which are essential to its fulfillment.† (Source 2 p. 191). While most of his decisions were initially made from publicShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Cold War996 Words   |  4 PagesUnion and the United States escalated with the end of World War II in the summer of 1945. The Soviet Union and the United States, having been on the Allies fighting against the Axis, were both victorious world superpowers at the end of WWII. With conflicting government systems (on one side socialism and on the other democracy) however, these two nations would f ight a cold war for the next few decades in hope of making their rule secure. This would shape America’s foreign and domestic policy for the nextRead MoreHarry S. Truman: A Tremendously Influential President Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesHarry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri on May 8, 1884 and was at first just an average boy and then man, with dreams in the music field and interests in reading and history. His mother greatly supported his ideas and desires and wished him the best. Truman worked a series of clerical jobs and worked on the Santa Fe Railroad as well (â€Å"Harry S. Truman†). Truman’s first encounter with politics was when he served in WWI and was a captain in the Field Artillery in France. When he returned from FranceRead MoreThe Taming Of General Macarthur1712 Words   |  7 Pagesconfrontation in the history of the United States could convey how such person can lose their authority and trustworthiness. President Harry S. Truman termin ated General Douglas MacArthur from his position as the leader of the U.S. forces in Korea after General MacArthur escalated the conflict, going against the U.S. policy and igniting a huge argument between the Chinese and the Americans. MacArthur also went against Truman s diplomatic policy directly and taunted the People s Republic of China by leakingRead MoreTrumans Domestic And Foreign Policies1094 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Harry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri on May 8, 1884. â€Å"The son of John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen (Young) Truman.† Truman’s father worked as mule trader and a farmer while Martha was a musician and homemaker. Young Truman had three siblings growing up and eventually married his childhood love Bess Wallace on June 28, 1919, (Truman Biography†, n.d.). President Harry S. Truman assumed the responsibilities and duties of an American President after the death of President FranklinRead MoreCold War and U1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Truman Doctrine Mark Newsome Strayer University Politics 300 Dr. Sussie Okoro 16 March 2014 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Truman Doctrine Harry S. Truman was President of the United States from 1945-1953. President Truman presidency was marked throughout by important foreign policy initiatives. Central to almost everything Truman undertook in his foreign policy was the desire to prevent the expansion of influence of the Soviet Union. At the endRead MoreHarry S. Trum President Of The United States After The Cold War1025 Words   |  5 PagesHarry S. Truman became commander in chief of the United States after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945. In the course of Truman’s eight years in office he came across with massive challenges in both foreign and domestic affairs. Truman’s approaches toward the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and overseas became a major way of leading foreign policy in America for generations. At home, Truman protected and reinforced the New Deal reforms of his predecessor, guided the American economyRead MoreDifficulties of Trumans Taking the Presidency from Roosevelt 1626 Words   |  7 PagesAs Vice President, Harry S. Truman seldom saw President Roosevelt, therefore acquiring no updates on the progress of the atomic bomb or the developing predicament with Communist Russia. After Roosevelt’s unexpected death, these dilemmas as well as an array of wartime problems became Truman’s to resolve as the new president. When he came into office on April 2nd, 1945, World War II was nearing its end, leaving Europe in absolute chaos. Truman had to search for ways to aid the country in picking upRead MoreTruman Doctrine And The Policy Of The United States1311 Words   |  6 PagesHarry S. Truman once declared, It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. (Truman Doctrine, ourdocuments.gov) This quote was given by President Truman in a speech directed to Congress in hopes that they would aid his mission and goal. This doctrine, or princi ple, that was expressed by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, was called the Truman Doctrine. President Truman s stance was that theRead MoreCurrent Events and US Diplomacy on Truman Doctrine957 Words   |  4 Pagesand US Diplomacy: The introduction of the Truman Doctrine in March 1947 by President Harry S. Truman was an outline for the basic foreign policy that America would use against Communism and the Soviet Union for nearly four decades. While President Truman assumed office while inexperienced in global affairs, the doctrine demonstrated his firm stewardship on foreign policy. The doctrine, which was eventually adopted as an international relations policy, was introduced in a speech regarding intentionsRead MoreContainment: The American Way1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States made a commitment to fight communism after World War II everywhere it could in the world and got involved in conflicts more because of self-interest and determination to beat communism than the cause. This first appears with the Truman Doctrine, which set the precedent for America to assist anti-communist regimes around the world. After World War II and up until the early 1990’s the foreign policy of the United Stat es was based on the policy of the containment of Cold War ideology

Tension between Rehabilitation and Punishment in an...

Essay Discussing Discuss: The tension between rehabilitation and punishment in an incarceration setting. What happens when one is emphasized over the other? Is it possible to strike a balance? The tension between rehabilitation and punishment has been increasing dramatically. This is because there have been sharp rises in the prison population and repeat offender rates. When one area is over emphasized in relation to the other, there is the possibility that imbalances will occur. Over the course of time, these issues can create challenges that will impact the criminal justice system and society at large. (Gadek, 2010) (Clear, 2011) (Gatotch, 2011) For example, if there is an emphasis on punishment over rehabilitation. The crime, incarceration and repeat offender rates will climb. This is because there is no focus on helping the individual to understand their problems (from a lack of support). At the same time, convicts have no way of supporting themselves. This encourages them to go back into crimina l related activities in order to make ends meet. Once this takes place, is when criminal justice system will face increased costs and large case back loads. (Gadek, 2010) (Clear, 2011) (Gatotch, 2011) However, if there is an over emphasis on rehabilitation, it is possible that other abuses could occur. This will take place by not punishing someone for a crime they knowingly committed. Instead, they are given another chance to address these challenges. When this happens,Show MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Hiv During The United States891 Words   |  4 Pagesthat of the general adult population. HIV in prison settings is a serious issue not only in the U.S but worldwide due to the commonality of high risk-behaviors among all prison populations such as rape, drug use and needle sharing, tattooing and unsafe sex practices. This makes prisons a breeding ground for the onward transmission of HIV due to the over crowdedness, combined with the atmosphere of violence and fear. The release from such tensions are typically found in these high-risk behaviors,Read MoreThe Effectiveness of Community-Based Corrections Program2965 Words   |  12 Pagesspaces is cruel, inhuman, ill, degrading, and unjust punishment. Overcrowding is dangerous to health and to human life. It breeds diseases, breaks down discipline and exacerbates tensions. Having to fight for air and space 24 hours a day make prison, in the words of inmates, a living death. Add dirty tap water, dingy toilets, substandard meals, gang war, lack of prison personnel, favoritism, and having a system built for punishment, not for rehabilitation. This is not the enlightened approach to penologyRead MoreThe Failure Of Imprisonment On The United States1876 Words   |  8 Pagesapprehended. At worst, prisons are brutalizing, cannot be shown to rehabilitate or deter offenders into society. If anything, American prisons are not fulfilling their purpose. Many people wonder why we have prisons today. Glenn Loury believes rehabilitation is a dead letter; retribution is the thing. The function of imprisonment is not to reform or redirect offenders. Rather it is to keep them away from â€Å"us.† (Loury, 68) Imprisonment on a massive scale has become one of the central aspects of ourRead MoreThe Conflicting Tensions Of The Juvenile Justice System3706 Words   |  15 Pages The Conflicting Tensions of the Juvenile Justice System Alisa Koyama SW 500 University of Washington During the Progressive Era - a period of industrialization, capitalism, and stratification of the class system - reformers helped establish the juvenile justice system as a way to decrease the rising juvenile crimes while also maintaining the dignity of the ‘uncontaminated’ and therefore deserving youth (Platt, 1977; Peirce, 1869). However, in reality, the complicated nature of working withRead MoreEffects Of Substance Abuse And Rehabilitation Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Addiction treatment and rehabilitation has increased more dramatically and more broadly than many other social concerns. Addiction and the use of substances was once only seen as a deviant behavior and is approached from a more general understanding and acceptance than before when the treatment was typically punishment. Substance abuse is a social concern that has many areas that require many different approaches and often times several different theories applied at once. Social learningRead MoreThe Problem Of A Crime Free World Essay1905 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease in the percent of gang affiliation, which poses a threat not only among other inmates but also to the prison staff. Further current problems such as lack of prison funding, poor evaluations of inmate’s mental state, and no programs aiding rehabilitation are also serious problems in resolving prison violence. The idea of a crime-free world seems impossible because the reality is there will always be someone somewhere committing one. Logically the only thing we are able to do is to try to manageRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems Courts and Corrections2319 Words   |  9 Pagesexposed families and their children, Juvenile Justice is atop the list, suffering division in regards to what is the best form of action versus common action. In other words it is between what we as people know works and what the system most often do that aren’t as successful. Our system relies heavily on incarceration and detention, we should instead focus our resources into proven strategies that are cost efficient, increase our public safety, and also look to increase the success of youth thatRead MoreThe Issue Of The Criminal Justice Correctional System4492 Words   |  18 Pagesfloors in every section of the prison due to the lack of space and beds (Ornduff, 1996). Some inmates stated that they had to s leep that way for several months (Ornduff, 1996). Managing the needs of all types of inmates, finding alternatives to incarceration, and focusing on decreasing recidivism in the key prison overcrowding. Female Inmates Women in prison differ considerably from male inmates simply because of the types of crimes they commit. Most of the crimes that women commit are more likelyRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Roles2518 Words   |  11 Pageswhen society thought that the blue was a girl color it became so. This is how gender is socially constructed, as opposed to being naturally ordained. According to Connell (1987), gender can also become embedded in â€Å"body postures, musculature, and tensions in our bodies,† shaping not only preferences, but also the way a particular person must walk according to the appropriate way defined by society. These are shaped through the years by parents, teachers, and by themselves, as they begin to learn socialRead MoreSoc Test9122 Words   |  37 Pagesfunctionalist; symbolic interactionist functionalist; conflict conflict; symbolic interactionist 10 points Question 4 One of the intended purposes of the mass incarceration in the United States is punishment of crime. This is a/n _____ of incarceration. Answer intentional function beneficial function manifest function latent function dysfunction 10 points Question 5

Management of Performance

Question: Discuss about the Management of Performance. Answer: Introduction The training and development of the employees is believed to be one of the main factors in a company that drives to the success of the business as well as its competitiveness. Performance management is the core reason for offering training and development in a company as it is a process where the goals of the performance are established, interventions are designed and programs arranged to develop the employees and improve their performance. It is a process that signals the employees on what is important to the organization ensuring accountability for actions and outcomes to help improve on the performance. Management of performance is never a single entity but a comprehensive ongoing and continuous process with activities and programs to develop and improve the performance of the employees. In this paper, the main theme of action is the human resource management training techniques and practice. 1. Diagnosing performance issues Performance Management The figure above is a simple illustration of the performance management process noting that it is a process associated with many components closely related to each other. Setting of goals in the first step in the process where the managers are top meet with the employees to discuss the expectations of the performance and agree on the performance goals. The goals are usually originating from the organizational and departmental goals and objectives. It is in handy with ensuring that the goals of the employees are conforming to the goals of the department and those of the organization. On agreeing on the goals, the employees are to receive ongoing feedback to know whether or not they are accomplishing their goals (Luecke and Brian, 49). Aside from the informal network of feedback, another formal process of performance management is the evaluation of the employees. In this process, there is the application of the standard rating where the managers and the employees are manages the employees performance on various dimensions reviewing the extent to which the employees accomplished their goals. A critical component of the performance management is the development of the employee and the criterion for the development plan. It is associated with the programs and activities designed to assist the workers in achieving their goals and improve their performances. Each of the components of performance management indicted in the figure above provides certain information on the developmental requirements of the employees. it is, however, noted that although the evaluation performance is a critical need of the management of performance, there still needs to be a critical component of the process; employee development that needs an effective training and development programs (Cokins, 54). 2. Barriers to Effective Performance The clothing stores appear to have followed the primary requirements with regards to their attainment of effective performance. There is the part of the employee recruitment and retention where the training and development appears to be an effective tool for attracting and retaining the top talented employees. Henry Risen is seen to have been well equipped to fighting the possible barriers to attaining their success through effective performance. Companies use the case of training to increase the attractiveness to their prospective employees and retaining current workers. Most of the companies today use training as their priority retention tool. The failure of a company to give their employees the necessary training chances is disadvantageous to the attraction of new workers and retention of the already employed. It has been proven that the business entities spending more on their employees training and development have low voluntary and involuntary turnover rates. Most of the compan ies are offering an extensive training and development opportunities to retain their employees (Saks et al., 38). Companies are said to be at higher chances of becoming a success through the training and coaching that is offered to the employees arming them with the knowledge and skills to influence the attaining of the goals and objectives of the organization. By linking the training to the strategic plans of the company, the training turns out to be s strategic activity operating according to the organizations programs and activities to achieve their strategic business objectives. Once an employee is trained, they are prone to doing better work where they make a few errors and they need minimal supervision with positive attitudes. The trained employees are as well known to be more productive and highly performing 3: Recommendations from Mager and Pipes Performance Flowchart In some other cases, the leaders might be forced to find the solution to their problems following processes and procedures that can require delicate and complex skills. In the Mager and pipe flow chart, there are a series of questions asked dwelling more into the problems prior to the development of a solution. According to their chart, problems could be solved in a systematic manner. it also addresses the issues as to whether the pursue of the solution is needed. It includes the cost effective analysis to protect the potential procedures. In cases where the problem is identified correctly, and there is a need to fix it, there should be an instant fix. It is a recommendation according to the chart by pipe and Mager. Two, it is also recommended that you ensure that the problem is not dependent to a system that is prone to rewarding wrong activities. In their theory, they give questions and solutions and great systematic approaches to the identification of a problem as well as their solutions. In other instances, Mager and pipe are also found to recommend that there should be a consideration of whether the situation should be solved or that there should be more emphasis on the details. 4: Recommendations to Improve the Performance Training and Development is one of the significant techniques that can be used to boost the performance in an organization. The training is known to usually consist of focus on the acquisition of the skills needed for a persons job. Such training may be experienced especially in cases when a company decides to send an employee to a workshop to study a software package and learn on how to serve customers. The main goal of the training is to assist the employee to learn how to do their job better (Anderson, 122). Development is a process that is initiated to allow the employees gain the necessary tools for the performance of future responsibilities and long-term achievement of the goals and organizational developments. The goal is meant to prepare the employees for the promotions and future responsibilities. In the process, extensive programs might be used to make the employees ready for the future responsibilities and for the managerial careers. The training and development is known t o be a part of the human resource development involving the systematic and planned activities designed by the company. As such, the employees will be allowed an opportunity to learn the required skills to meet the current demands and the future job demands (Cartwright, 30). The human resource development is meant to run the training and development programs, organization development and career development career development. The human resource development take the main core of the three aspects mentioned to be learning. Generally, the creation of a conducive working environment is the immediate step towards the process of managing the performance management system. The entire system is concerned with the improvement of the effectiveness of the organization through the improvement of the human resource development. The main achievements of the goal are the training and development (Krausert, 72). The companies seen to invest on the training and development techniques for their employees are associated with a number of benefits. Employees and the society is also seen to invest in training and development that everyone believes that it plays a significant role in the success of the organization, the society and the individuals. 5: Implementing a Learning Organization The implementation of a learning organization is known to involve changing of resistance. The executive officers are the people responsible for driving the change. It is a persons vision that compels to the members to trying to become one. Visionary leaders taking the responsibility to set up a learning organization have make amendments to their agenda for the companies that are not prepared. The steps to building a learning organization involves; Building a vision and awareness where people are being notified of the necessity of learning at all the organizational levels. Henry Risen could use the process of organizational learning through the mentioned step to create a learning organization to its employees. The awareness is not only to be created to the management team but to the entire organizational levels and influence all the members to buy in the new vision. Two, one should build a facilitative organizational structure that is expected to be flexible and flatter. The structure should as well be able to remove silos and boundaries from the company. The leaders should be encouraging to help their staffs and the entire company to embrace the learning and secure the resources they gain from the management. There should also be step taken encouraging and the participation of the workers at all levels where the new philosophy should be openness, reflectivity and acceptance of errors. There should also be actions for building the learning cultures to allow the employees free time and training in terms of brainstorming and problem solving. With this, the decision of the members would be questioned without fear as recognition and rewards will be established. Conclusion The training and development of the employees is believed to be one of the main factors in a company that drives to the success of the business as well as its competitiveness. Management of performance is never a single entity but a comprehensive ongoing and continuous process with activities and programs to develop and improve the performance of the employees. A critical component of the performance management is the development of the employee and the criterion for the development plan. The human resource development is meant to run the training and development programs, organization development and career development career development. The companies engaging in these practices are said to benefit in multiple ways that assist them in gaining a lot more competitive advantages. Training and development is believed to be able to facilitate the strategies of a company and increase its effectiveness improving the recruitment and retention of the employees. It has been proven that the b usiness entities spending more on their employees training and development have low voluntary and involuntary turnover rates. Most of the companies are offering an extensive training and development opportunities to retain their employees Works Cited Aguinis, Herman.Performance Management. Pearson, 2014. Print. Anderson, Valerie.Research Methods in Human Resource Management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2004. Print. Armstrong, Michael.A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London [u.a.:Kogan Page, 2007. Print. Bacal, Robert.Manager's Guide to Performance Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print. Biech, Elaine, and Tony Bingham.Training and Development for Dummies. , 2015. Print Cartwright, Roger.Training and Development Express. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, 2003.Internet resource. Cokins, Gary.Performance Management: Integrating Strategy Execution, Methodologies, Risk,and Analytics. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2013. Internet resource. Krausert, Achim.Performance Management for Different Employee Groups: A Contribution to Employment Systems Theory. Berlin: Physica-Verlag, 2009. Internet resource. Luecke, Richard, and Brian J. Hall.Performance Management: Measure and Improve the efectiveness of Your Employees. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press, 2006.Print. Mello, Jeffrey A, and Jeffrey A. Mello.Strategic Human Resource Management. , 2014. Print. Moynihan, Donald P.The Dynamics of Performance Management: Constructing Information and Reform. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 2008. Internet resource. Saks, Alan M, Robert R. Haccoun, Monica Belcourt, and Monica Belcourt.Managing performance Through Training and Development.Toronto: Nelson Education, 2010.Print. Shipton, Helen, Pawan S. Budhwar, Paul Sparrow, and Alan Brown.Human Resource Management, Innovation and Performance. , 2015. Internet resource. Wilson, John P.Human Resource Development: Learning Training for Individuals Organizations. London [u.a.: Kogan Page, 2006. Print.

World Wars Essay Example

World Wars Essay - Tamil Eelam INTRODUCTION Tamil Eelam  (Tamil:   tami? i? am, generally rendered outside Tamil-speaking areas ) is a proposed  independent  statethat  Tamils  in Sri Lanka and the  Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora  aspire to create in the north and east of  Sri Lanka. Tamil Eelam has no official status orrecognition  by  world states  though sections of the Eelam were under  de facto  control of the  Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam  (LTTE) for most of the2000s. The name is derived from the ancient Tamil name for Sri Lanka,  Eelam. TAMIL PERIOD The  Jaffna kingdom (1215-1624 CE), also known as Kingdom of Aryacakravarti, of modern northern Sri Lanka was a historic independent monarchy that came into existence after the invasion of Magha, who is said to have been from Kalinga, in India. [1][2][3][4] Established as a powerful force in the north, east]  and west of the island, it eventually became a tribute paying feudatory of the Pandyan Empire in modern South India in 1258, gaining independence later with the fragmentation of the Pandyan control. 1][5] For a brief period, in the early to mid-14th century, it was an ascendant power in the island of Sri Lanka when all regional kingdoms accepted subordination. However, the kingdom was eventually overpowered by the rival Kotte Kingdom, around 1450. ASPIRATION AND CHELVANAYAKAM The  Federal Party (Sri Lanka)  (FP) became the most dominant Tamil political party in 1956 and lobbied for a unitary state which gave Tamil and Sinhalese equal rights, including recogn ition of two official languages (Tamil and Sinhala) and considerable autonomy for the Tamil areas. We will write a custom essay sample on World Wars specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on World Wars specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on World Wars specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was against this backdrop that the Federal party decided to sign the  Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact  in July 1957. In 1965, another pact, the  Senanayake-Chelvanayakam Pact  was signed but also not implemented. In 1973, Tamil parties call for regional autonomy was replaced with the demand for a separate state called Tamil Eelam. Two years later, in 1975, all Tamil political parties merged and became known as the  Tamil United Liberation Front  (TULF). In 1976, the first national convention of the  Tamil United Liberation Front  was held at  Vaddukoddai, where the party adopted a unanimous resolution called the Vaddukodai Resolution. This resolution charged that the Sinhalese government, with the use of the constitution of 1972, had used its power to deprive the Tamil nation of its territory, language, citizenship, economic life, opportunities of employment and education thereby destroying all the attributes of nationhood of the Tamil people. The resolution further called for the Free, Sovereign, Secular Socialist State of TAMIL EELAM. As a result of the Vaddukodai resolution, the Tamil United Liberation Front became the first Tamil political party to run its campaign on a separatist platform. It swept the parliamentary elections in the Tamil-dominated districts of the North and East in 1977, winning 18 seats and became the largest opposition in Parliament  The reason for the success of the TULF was seen as the result of gr owing Tamil agitation for self-determination. During the time of the Vaddukodai declaration, there were several Tamil militant organizations who believed that armed struggle was the only way to protect the sovereignty of the Tamil areas. TULF, however, believed in peaceful parliamentary ways towards achieving a solution. [24]  Though the TULF had adapted a separatist platform, they were still open to peaceful negotiations and decided to work towards a political agreement with President  J. R Jayewardene. The outcome was the District Development Councils scheme (DDC) passed in 1980. The District Development Councils scheme was based, to some extent, on decentralization of the government within a united Sri Lanka. DDCs were soon abandoned because the two sides were not able to agree to the number of District Ministers in the Tamil districts. [25]  In 1983 the Sixth Amendment was passed and required Tamil members of parliament and Tamils in public office to take the oath of allegiance to the unitary state of Sri Lanka. The Sixth Amendment forbade advocating a separate state even by peaceful means. Consequently, the TULF was expelled from the parliament for refusing to take the oath. [26] THE ERA OF THE LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM Eelam War IV  and  Sri Lankan Civil War The parts of northern and eastern Sri Lanka which were formerly under the control of the LTTE were run as a  de facto  state with its own government  in these areas. The Tamil Tigers also established a  military  wing   with land combat force, naval force (the  Sea Tigers), air wing which they called Tamil Eelam Air Force, in addition, the LTTE had run a judicial system complete with local, supreme and high courts. The  US state department  alleged that the judges had very little standards or training and acted as agents to LTTE; it also accused the LTTE of forcing Tamils under their control to accept their judicial system although the Tamils know that they were not forced and that a vote was taken to decide who would take control . Furthermore, within areas controlled by the LTTE the Tigers performed  state functions  including the operation of a civil Police Force, Human Rights organizations, offices for the coordination of humanitarian assistance board,[30]  health boards and education boards. 31][38][39]  It also ran a Bank (Bank of Tamil Eelam), a radio station (Voice of Tigers) and a Television station (National Television of Tamil Eelam)[32] Following the clearance of  Kilinochchi  by government troops which had been the administrative capital of the de facto LTTE controlled area  [40]  on January 2, 2009, the LTTEs civil administration system was suspended as the sta te of Tamil Eelam was gradually crushed by the resurgent Sri Lankan Army. The last pocket of territory controlled by the LTTE and vis-a-vis the remaining part of the LTTE controlled area was captured by the Sri Lankan Army on 18 May 2009. During this operation almost the entire civil and military leadership of the LTTE were killed. Tens of thousands of LTTE cadres surrendered to government troops. POST-LTTE ERA Following the defeat of LTTE, pro-LTTE political party  Tamil National Alliance  (TNA), also the largest political group representing Sri Lankan Tamil community, dropped its demand for a Tamil Eelam, in favour of a  federal  solution. 41][42]  There are ongoing bilateral talks between President Rajapaksas  UPFA  government and the TNA, on a viable political solution and devolution of power. [43]  Pro Tamil groups advocating independence for Tamil areas of Sri Lanka continue to run websites and radio telecasts. [44]  Since May 19, 2009 Tamil Eelam has ceased to exist as a physical entity but remains as political aspiration among sec tions of the  Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora. In May 2010,  New York  based lawyer  Visvanathan Rudrakumaran  formed a  Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam  intending to use soft power to reach its end. [45] - POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS - In the 1881 census,  Sri Lankan Tamils  numbered 687,200 constituting 25% of the total population. The  Tamil-speaking Muslim community  who used to live largely in the Northern and the Eastern provinces comprised another 6% of the population. The three decade Civil war that followed the anti-Tamil policies further affected the North and the East with over 80,000-100,000 people estimated to have been killed and over 400,000 Tamils fleeing their homes for refuge. Many people still live in IDP camps in the North and the East and the present-day demographics of the region has been changing due to more and more Sinhalese settling in these territories. - POLITICS Main article:  Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism The  United Kingdom  gained control of Sri Lanka in 1815 and administratively unified the island[18]  with a legislative council in 1833 with three Europeans and one each for  Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils and  Burghers. British Governor  William Manning, who arrived in Ceylon in 1919, created a reformed legislative council in 1921 and actively encouraged  Sinhala  communal thinking in the legislative council. [46][47]  As a result, the Tamils started to develop communal consciousness and began to think of themselves as needing to be represented by Tamil leadership. 46][47]  It was this development that made way for the development of the Tamil political organization called the  All Ceylon Tamil Congress  headed by  G. G. Ponnambalam. [48][49] SUPPORT FOR TAMIL EELAM India A survey in late 2008 by the  Tamil Nadu  daily  Ananda Vikatan  found 55. 4% of Indian Tamils in the state supported the separation of Tamil Eelam, while 34. 63% supported a federa l Tamil Eelam. Notable supporters of independence include politicians  Vaiko  and  Thirumavalavan. Directors  Bharathiraaja,  Seeman  and  Ameer Sultan  are strong advocates of the independence of Tamil Eelam. Muthukumar(Self-immolation of Muthukumar), a DTP operator for a Tamil magazine Penne Nee doused himself with kerosene at the Regional Passport Office, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India and set himself on fire to highlight the Tamil plight. [77] On April 2012 DMK president  M. Karunanidhi  said that India should prevail upon the United Nations to help carve out a separate Tamil Eelam from Sinhala-dominated Sri Lanka. Raising the issue in the  Lok Sabha  during zero hour, DMK leader T. R. Baalu said tyranny in the Tamil areas was continuing and Sinhalese army men were roaming around Tamil habitats in Sri Lanka and â€Å"thousands of people have been kept behind barbed wire fences. † He said the Indo-Sri Lankan accord was not being ratified and the 13th Amendment (devolution of powers to ethnic Tamils) was not being implemented. - WORLDWIDE COUNCILS AND ORGANISATIONS Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam The  Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam  (TGTE) is formed by unification of the  Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora  which aims to create Tamil Eelam, a state which TGTE aspire to create in the north and east provinces of  Sri Lanka. [   The TGTE and Tamil Eelam have no official status or recognition by any state or authority. The TGTE has been called a ploy to perpetuate  terrorism by the  Government of Sri Lanka,[92]  which is itself under international pressure for alleged war crime probes  For its part, the TGTE has maintained that it is a democratic organization, and intends to use soft power and not military power to its end. 45]  The exact words found in TGTE constitution are  : Whereas the TGTE has guided us towards a democratic system of government, in order to establish an independent state of Tamil Eelam based on the principles of peace, non-violence, tolerance, pluralism, transparency and accountability CONCLUSION its easy to speak from here but the pr oblems in tamil eelam and the difficulties faced by the tamilans were unspeakable all lost their means of living and their relations the problem will be solved if they are given a sepration from the srilanka by forming a new country

The Main Purpose and Nature of Operational Management

The Main Purpose and Nature of Operational Management Introduction Operations management is an area that deals in managing the processes involved in production and distribution of goods and services. This means that it deals with management of business processes. It can also be defined as the field concerned with managing and directing the physical and technical functions of a firm or organization. The firm or the organization must be relating to development, production, and manufacturing (Weiss Gershon 19).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Purpose and Nature of Operational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Operational management is involved with many activities some of which are product and service management. The product and service management activities include creation of the product, development, production and product distribution. Other activities are purchase inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluation of processes. T he main purpose of operational management is to ensure that these business processes and activities are carried out efficiently and effectively. Operation management is therefore concerned with the internal processes of a business. However, the nature of how operational management works in an organization depends on the product and services that the organization deals with. Operation management is the centre of all the changes that occur in the world of business. Some of the changes are changes in customer preference, changes in supply network caused by technologies and also changes in the quality of the product to suit the customer (Weiss Gershon 21). Quality control is one of the very crucial activities of an operations management. It should be very effective so that a continuous improvement on the quality is observed. Safe Kids Organization This is an organization that aims in preventing accidental childhood injuries in the United Arab Emirates. The organization is one of the gl obal networks of organizations called Safe kids worldwide. The organization has noted that accidental childhood injuries are the main causes of death in children. Accidental injuries take more children’s lives than diseases, violence or other causes. This mostly affects children of 14 years and below. Most of these injuries are caused by motor vehicle crashes, falls, fire, bicycle accidents and other sporting related accidents. The organization believes that the injuries are preventable. This is possible if safety equipments are used and if the environment the children play is modified. Change of behavior can also help in preventing accidental injuries in children. Safe kids have come up with significant progress in reducing the risk of accidental injury to children. Some of the progresses are provision of more advanced equipment in the hospital. It has also offered education to parents on how to prevent accidental injuries from occurring to the children. Safe kids also advoc ates for laws that protect children. They also provide safety device measures to families who need them.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization has brought together health and safety experts, educators, corporations, foundations, government and even volunteers. These people help the organization to effectively achieve its objectives. Matching Operations Management and Safe Kid Organization Operations management has helped Safe kids in achieving its goals. Setting up hospitals which take good care of injured children is one of the goals. The organization is also providing advanced equipments to hospitals which are specialized for children cases. The operations management wants Safe kids’ organization to effect its operation of ensuring that all the kids are safe. That is why, the operation managers are always passing and strengthening child safety l aws and regulations. Such laws make the whole country to take the initiative of ensuring a child safe. It also leads to a responsible country as no one wants to be fined or taken to court for breaking the law. Education to parents and children is also an idea from operations management. Parents are taught on how to prevent children from getting injured. Children are also taught on how they should take care of themselves. The teachings have proven to the parents that prevention is better than cure. Since the accidents are unintentional, they can therefore be prevented. Operating managers of Safe kids have also started conducting research. The research involves visiting different hospitals and collecting data of how many children have visited the hospitals due to injuries. This research will help the managers to know which area needs to be taught about children safety. They are also able to know which hospital need the specialized equipments for children safety. Safety devices are als o provided to some families. Most of the families given the devices are those with many children. Also, families living in a risky environment are provided with these devices. This keeps the children safe, even in the unfriendly surrounding. Some of the lifesaving devices provided are smoke alarms, helmets and safety seats. How Safe Kids Operates Safe Kids operates by teaching parents on how to prevent injuries to their children. This is done in hospitals, church and even in schools, where most parents are gathered. The organization also has experts who move from home to home talking to parents. Parents are taught on how to transport children safely in cars. They should check car seats and booster seats for proper installation. They are asked to first teach them how to ride motor bikes before buying them the bikes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Purpose and Nature of Operational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Le arn More Children are also taught about their safety by the organization. They are taught what they should and should not do when around or in the vehicle. They are also taught on how to walk on the streets, especially when going or leaving the schools. Safe kids programs are ongoing activities which get the members of community involved in child safety initiatives. One of the programs is creating safe environment. It is the work of every member of a community to keep the environment safe. A safe environment must also be clean. Community members can ensure a safe environment by not littering dirt around. This dirt is dangerous to the children as it can make them fall or hurt them. They can also get poisoned, especially young children who go eating anything they come across. Assessments Operations management has always been very effective in every business. Its results are always positive in every business enterprise where products are produced or services are provided. In ou r case Safe Kids organization offers services to the children. Operations management has helped the organization provide the service effectively. The rate of children injury has reduced especially in the United States, where it has reduced from 78% to 30%. There are also very rare cases of children injuries in different hospitals all over the world. Suggestions Introduction of complex and complicated equipments need qualified personnel. The organization should first train some of its employees on how the equipments are operated. This will ensure that the equipment performs its function effectively. The safety devices provided to families should be more advanced such that they can protect a child from getting poisoned. This is because; most of these devices are about physical injury. This will help reduce the poisoning cases. Poisoning is even the most dangerous of all the injuries because it can even kill a child. The number one cause of deaths of children in industrialized countrie s is the unintentional injuries. Therefore, Safe Kids Worldwide should ensure that the more advanced equipments are readily found in those countries. Operational managers of safe kids should send qualified and health experts in the area. Educators are also needed to educate parents and children in industrialized area. Children need to know how they should carry themselves around and while in the industries. Many well equipped health centers need to be established near the industries for emergency cases.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizations should also promote corporate leadership. This can be achieved through effective and sustainable partnership. Corporate leadership will help in ensuring that the organization’s employees are carrying out their duties effectively. This will lead to a good relationship between the customer and organization. Conclusion There are two main functions of an organization. One is to provide a product or a service and the other function is to sell the product or service. However, Operations management mostly focuses on the first function of providing product or service. Operations management plans and controls all activities necessary for the provision of the firm’s product or service. Since the aspect of Operation management emphasizes on the product or service provision, it has some ways to make this possible. It gives advice on the best techniques and equipment to use to make the goods or provide a service. It emphasizes on work force management, training of emp loyees and measurement of quality assurance. Operational managers who adhere to the above ideas and technologies are able to improve productivity and reduce cost. They are also able to enhance the quality of a good and customer service. An organization is also able to meet the rapidly changing customer needs. Weiss, Howard, and Gershon, Mark. Production and Operations Management. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999. Print.

Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly

Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly This exercise will give you practice in applying our Guidelines for Using Quotation Marks Effectively (U.S. edition). InstructionsInsert quotation marks wherever they are needed in the sentences below. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. For several weeks in 2009, the Black Eyed Peas held the top two spots on the music charts with their songs I Gotta Feeling and Boom Boom Pow.Last week we read A Modest Proposal, an essay by Jonathan Swift.Last week we read A Modest Proposal; this week were reading Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery.In a famous New Yorker essay in October 1998, Toni Morrison referred to Bill Clinton as our first black president.Bonnie asked, Are you going to the concert without me?Bonnie asked if we were going to the concert without her.In the words of comedian Steve Martin, Talking about music is like dancing about architecture.The indie folk band Deer Tick sang What Kind of Fool Am I?Was it Dylan Thomas who wrote the poem Fern Hill?Uncle Gus said, I heard your mother singing Tutti Frutti out behind the barn at three oclock in the morning.Ive memorized several poems, Jenny said, including The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost.All our failures, wrote Iris Murdoch, are ultimately failures in love. Answers to the exercise Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly For several weeks in 2009, the Black Eyed Peas held the top two spots on the music charts with their songs â€Å"I Gotta Feeling† and â€Å"Boom Boom Pow.†Last week we read A Modest Proposal, an essay by Jonathan Swift.Last week we read A Modest Proposal; this week were reading Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery.In a famous New Yorker essay in October 1998, Toni Morrison referred to Bill Clinton as our first black president.Bonnie asked, Are you going to the concert without me?Bonnie asked if we were going to the concert without her. [no quotation marks]In the words of comedian Steve Martin, Talking about music is like dancing about architecture.The indie folk band Deer Tick sang What Kind of Fool Am I?Was it Dylan Thomas who wrote the poem Fern Hill?Uncle Gus said, I heard your mother singing Tutti Frutti out behind the barn at three oclock in the morning.Ive memorized several poems, Jenny said, including The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost.All our failures, wrote Iris Murdoch, are ultimately failures in love.

Digital Media - Critical Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Digital Media - Critical Perspectives - Essay Example What then is information society? The most common definition of information society emphasizes on technological innovation. The term refers to society where the creation, distribution and use of information are the most important aspects of economic, cultural, technological, occupational and spatial activities. An information society idea can be contrasted in societies where economic strengths lie in industrial or agrarian base. The tools of information society are computers and telecommunications as opposed to ploughs showing that information societies represent highly industrialized societies (Webster, 2005:10). The concept of information society originated from the Japanese social sciences in the early 1960s. the Japanese version of the term (joho shakai or johoka shakai) came from a conversation between Kisho Kurokawa, a famous architect and Tudao Umesao, a renowned historian and anthropologist. The first debut of the term in a written text was in a study published in 1964 by Jiro Kamishima. Since then, the term has been widely used throughout the world. Therefore, it is important to understand the term information society from the five definitions including technological, economic, occupational, spatial and cultural aspects (Lyon, 1998:3). The technological definition of information society focuses on technological innovations and the effects that the innovations have on information technologies in different sectors of society. The major aspect here is that the cost of using computers has become cheap and helped in their application in different fields. This definition provides one important aspect of information society. Technological innovations are among the most visible indicators of new times and considered as an aspect representing the concept of information society. The technological innovations include personal computers,

Research Methods in Psychology An investigation of selfconscious Essay

Research Methods in Psychology An investigation of selfconscious emotions using qualitative methods - Essay Example For psychological researchers and analysts, more information is needed on the social situations that lead to these emotions, as well as the specific social interactions that can alleviate or heighten the negative emotional experience. The aim of this research project is to gather data from males and females relating to their own experiences with guilt, shame and embarrassment and to interpret the factors involved as well as the differences between men and women. To discover the different social situations and interactions that separate men and women in their experiences of guilt, shame and embarrassment, ten questionnaires containing three questions on the topic were distributed to five men and five women. Each question asked the informant to identify different situations in which he or she has or would experience guilt, shame and embarrassment. The questions left room for large or small descriptions by informants, and the unstructured form of each question ensured that those filling out the questionnaires weren't led in any particular direction in terms of their answers. Answers were therefore expected to be unique to every man and women who filled out the questionnaire. To interpret this data, keywords were extracted from the questionnaires, which had been separated into two sets representing women and men. The two sets of keywords were compiled for each question and compared to one another in terms of repetition and connotation. The keywords could then be sorted into specific categories depending on their relation to social interaction, personal emotional history, family, friends, and other factors. This comparison made it possible to identify themes on the subject of guilt, shame and embarrassment that were unique to men and women, as well as those that were seemingly universal. Results Qualitative research offers an unstructured look into the social interactions of people, something that psychologists can benefit from only if they can pinpoint certain factors and understand clearly what is actually going on. These questionnaires showed a clear trend between the outlook of men and women in regards to the situations that make them feel guilty, ashamed or embarrassed. Where women tend to feel immediate emotional responses in situations that involve their friends and family, they also are more susceptible to emotional response to strangers and acquaintances who appear to sit in judgement of them. Men also exhibit emotional responses when the situation involves family or friends, but many men can experience feelings of embarrassment more often in social situations that involve work acquaintances or other casual peers. One man described an occasion where he would feel embarrassed as "when I screw up on the job and everyone at work knows about it". Men were generally on par with women when it came to feelings of guilt and shame, in that these feelings tended to happen most often when family and close friends were involved. One woman said "I have felt the most ashamed when I have let my family down, either by hurting their feelings or depriving them of something I could have provided". Both men and women experienced guilt, shame and

Officer Selection and Recruitment Process Essay Example for Free

Officer Selection and Recruitment Process Essay There are varying components that go into officer-recruitment and the selection-process. This paper will outline many general concerns for consideration into a law enforcement branch and then focus more on a specific agency and policy once all normal or formal recruitment procedures are addressed. Most law enforcement agencies generally start with a application process that weeds out applicants that do not fit into the general criteria or job experience, and education requirements. The minimum eligibility requirements depend on the level or category of agency you are applying to and what standards need to be met to qualify you for the position. Some of these minimum qualifications are United States citizenship, vision assessment, drivers license, and being somewhere in between the minimum and maximum age at the time you are admitted to the academy. Other parts of this process depend on if you are looking at employment at a local or federal policing agency. Most Local agencies carry an education requirement of a high school degree or at the very least a General Education Diploma (GED). On the other hand federal agencies can ask for a increased education requirement of a bachelors degree in a related field that they desire or a higher masters degree in a discipline that the agency requires. Minimum eligibility requirements imply exactly that; the smallest amount of qualifications you are expected to meet prior to application for employment. Meeting this minimum eligibility does not entitle you to the position or guarantee you to be any closer to employment to the position than any other person may be all this means is that you meet the basic criteria for the possibility of employment at the given agency. Once you meet the minimum requirements for eligibility then you are one step closer to the goal of employment in a law enforcement agency but that’s when the real part of the selection process actually begins. Selection processes do not include everything but are merely a broad spectrum of knowledge and understanding that officers need to adhere to, to furthe r move them along from just an application to the rest of the hiring process. Applicants must pass a written examination, pass a physical abilities exercise, complete a background investigation, and a psychological and other medical examination to qualify. Federal enforcement bureaus also have several step oral interview processes and most likely a polygraph test is required after the background investigation is completed. During a background investigation you are most likely asked detailed questions that are meant to disqualify you later in the process if you were to provide a false response. These truth questions are made to thin the applicant pool and will exclude you from further opportunities even if you do well on any other portion of your examinations. The beginning of the process after the application is submitted is generally a written aptitude test that has to be completed. Assuming the recruited officer passes these standardized tests, the next hurdle is physical agility and endurance testing.Depending again on the size of the agency for which you have tested, it might take quite a while for you to get your test results. The reasons may vary, but whatever they are, you can expect to eventually receive a notification with you r test score. If you are informed that you did not pass, you may receive information on how to appeal your result. In the interest of brevity, this discussion assumes that you passed the test and have been placed on what is generally called the eligibility list. These test examine are comparable to how a police officer may fair during daily tasks. Examples of what you physical activity that you will be asked to exhibit are equivalent to a military Physical Readiness Test (PRT), these are activities such as a minimum time you are able to finish a mile and a half run, sit-ups, push-ups, and basically a confidence course test with obstacles that you may have to maneuver to catch a perp. If recruited officers are in top physical condition and have a body mass equivalent to their height this should not be a issue but because of society being more sedentary this has actual become a major issue in the recruitment process. Completing the physical requirements step brings you to an evaluation of your background and history. Aspects of your life that can be checked are medical, military, school records, employment history, credit history, past criminal record and your driving record. Usually the background investigation coincides with taking a polygraph in most organizations that I have dealt with personally. The polygraph is used as an after action to determine the validity and truthfulness of your statements during the application process. This is meant to determine your strength of character and usually if you fail a poly then you will not be considered for employment. After all of these examinations policing agencies have to take further precautions with employment than most civilian organizations, agencies ask for a psychological and medical evaluation. The medical exams are needed to determine your immediate and long term health and whether or not there needs to be any concerns about how you will perform during any challenges that may arise in field. Agencies are mostly concerned on if you have any withstanding ailments or injuries that could shorten your law enforcement career. Also a major factor during your medical examination is if you have 20/20 vision or normal vision without any color blindness that could hinder your ability to complete normal job functions. The psychological examination normally had two separate parts, the first being a written questionnaire and the second being a meeting with a actual psychologist or psychiatrist who interviews determine you mental health and what you are susceptible. Lastly in the recruitment process is the personal interview which can already have been done through knowledge of some of your other interviews and assessments that were taken to this point. Mostly this portion is just to assess your communication skill set and your responses to predetermined set of questions. Interviewing agencies may be in a board format or a single interviewer but this is meant to assess your answers to difficult but pertinent questions concerning law enforcement actions and situations and create a stress on the interviewee. Interviewers compare recruits on how they handle the stressful situation and according to their line of questioning and if it remained correct throughout the interview. The specific agency that interests me is Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS), all of this criteria provided fits into the same selection process that they have implemented. The Naval Criminal Investigative Service a federal agency tasked with protecting military members and their families and any other civilian personnel that has ties to the navy. NCIS protects naval equipment, technology, and the communications networks of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. NCIS personnel number over 1,200 Special Agents, 900 other civilian professionals, and 200-plus military service members all over the world to prevent terrorism, protect our national intelligence, and decrease criminal activity across the United States and over 40 countries around the globe. There are only minute differences such as the training opportunities that make a NCIS Special Agent candidates much more specialized in handling all possible situations that may arise as a federal law enforcement officer both at home in country (CONUS) or abroad (OCONUS). These agents must complete several training programs to include the Criminal Investigators Training Program (CITP) and the NCIS-specific Special Agent Basic Training Program (SABTP) at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), Glynco, GA. Later opportunities may include specialized training in Polygraph and Credibility Assessment (PCA) techniques, procurement fraud, forensic science, counterintelligence, counterterrorism, leadership and languages. (NCIS) Working with the military and dealing with classified information and investigations another need that happens during their back ground investigation is to get adjudicated to a top secret security clearance. These officer-recruitment and selection-process are pain taking and rigorous but meant to weed out the undesirable or inexperienced applicants that just don’t quite fit the criteria needed to be a successful officer of the law. The requirements that are set forth make each agencies personnel that much wiser in a given situation and give them the satisfaction that they are one of the few to make it through such an extenuating selection process.

The Oppressed Female in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Eyr

The Oppressed Female in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « clearly demonstrates the relationship between sexuality and morality in Victorian society through the character of Bertha Mason, the daughter of a West Indian planter and Rochester's first wife. Rochester recklessly married Bertha in his youth, and when it was discovered shortly after the marriage that Bertha was sexually promiscuous, Rochester locked her away. Bertha is called a "maniac" and is characterized as insane. Confining Bertha for her display of excess passion reinforces a prevalent theme in Jane Eyre, that of oppressive sexual Victorian values. Bertha's captivity metaphorically speaks on the male-dominated Victorian society in which women are inferior and scorned for acts of nonconformism.    For the first half of Jane Eyre, Bertha is only known to the reader through her nearly phantasmal presence&emdash;the peculiar laugh, and the mysterious incident in which Rochester's bed was lit on fire. Only after the foiled wedding of Rochester and Jane, in which Mr. Briggs and Mr. Mason appear unexpectedly declaring that the wedding should not proceed, does Rochester explain to Jane that he has a living wife detained on the third floor of Thornfield Hall. "He lifted the hangings from the wall, uncovering the second door: this, too, he opened" (327). "In a room without a window" Bertha is found living as a wild animal sequestered from everyone but her caretaker Grace Poole. Like a ferocious beast, she is even tied down and bound.    Throughout the novel there are similar images of the restrained female, an example being Jane's detention in the "red-room" at Gateshead Hall. Both Jane and Bertha were ... ...otypical woman of the Victorian era who courteously and obediently allowed herself to be dominated by males. Through the depictions of the incarcerated female, Brontà « speaks on the ills of an unjust society. Brontà «'s representation of Bertha as a wild, chained, and trapped animal and the symbolic use of fire reflect the difficulties women had in expressing their sexuality in an era in which men dominated and in which women played the role of the obedient, confined, and inferior being.    Works Cited and Consulted: Brontà «, Charlotte.   Jane Eyre.   New York, Penguin Books, 1997. Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. Okin, Susan Moller.   Justice, Gender and the Family.   United States of America: Basic Books, 1989. Wollstonecraft, Mary.   The Rights of Women.   Everyman's Library Edition.   

Tour Operator Management Essay

Introduction: A tour operator typically combines tour and travel components to create a holiday. They prepare itinerary. The most common example of a tour operator’s product would be a flight on a charter airline plus a transfer from the airport to a hotel and the services of a local representative, all for one price. Niche tour operators may specialise in destinations, e.g. Italy, activities and experiences, e.g. skiing, or a combination thereof. The original raison d’etre of tour operating was the difficulty of making arrangements in far-flung places, with problems of language, currency and communication. The advent of the internet has led to a rapid increase in self-packaging of holidays. Task 1. Understand the tour operator industry A tour operator combines tour and travel components to create a holiday, it designs travel routes for tourists and offer perfect arrangements of the airlines and hotels. In a word, a tour operator offers package holidays. A travel agent is a kind of retail business which is a buyer of tour operator, it sells travel-related products and services to customers on behalf of tour operators, airlines, hotels and other entities. Some tour operators own the distribution channel, they set up retail shops selling products and services directly to the final customers, or they establish close relationships with travel agencies under contracts. The development of the industry should be attributed to the development of transportation in the early age. With the invention of aircraft, the demand for travel increased rapidly. But in recent years, situations become more complex than ever before in such a changeable economic climate, UK’s tour operator industry are fluctuated in growth. The pack age holiday market continued to decline but specialist holidays, cruise tours and flight-only bookings all grew significantly. Company failure level rose substantially from 33 in the previous year to 47 this year. The industry structure changed a lot: independent agents turned to favour dynamic packaging with concentration on niche markets including long-haul, cruising, UK holidays and self-packaging. Big operators drove bookings online and through their own retail networks. 2006 is one of the  most challenging years in the industry’s history, with traditional business model under great pressure and uncertain future for many others. Tour operators judge overall demand and the expected demand for each destination and seek to satisfy that demand if it can be accomplished profitably. Tour operators assemble the component parts of holidays. Tour operators have many sub-contracted suppliers that are expected to deliver quality services under some form of supervision. They rely upon close relationships with people working in the destinations – at airports, hotels, restaurants, excursion venues, public administrations, medical authorities, etc. – for without them, holidays could not be delivered. Tour operators have resident staff, or those of their local agents that maintain these relationships and are expected to become familiar with concerns expressed by local c ommunities. Where good quality accommodation for customers is in short supply, many tour operators co-finance developments on a short-term basis. Tour operators act as a bridge between suppliers, customers and the country visited, providing information about the destination, safety and cultural sensitivity (dress codes, etc). With smaller guided tours, customers often seek greater detailed interaction and are very aware of their social and cultural responsibilities. In Great Britain, the country in which they occurred the first time tour operators, leading manufacturers are Thompson, Owners Abroad and Airtours which has 60% of the total national sales of standard trips. Vertical integration: Vertical integration occurs when an organization own companies on two or more levels of the buying chains.(Siraliova and Angelis, 2006). Companies use the concept of rebranding in this integration for the purpose of enhancing the customer base. Horizontal integration: â€Å"Horizontal integration simply means a strategy to increase the market share by taking over a similar company. Tour operators can integrate with same kind of company such as Thompson holidays so that to sustain in the competitive market. Especially technological industries use this concept where mergers and acquisitions happen in order to enhance t he reach of the entity.† (Vignali, 2001).

High School and College Essay

Many aspects of both high school and college can be tied together. People learn many of the same things they learned in high school during their first year or two of college. They are basic general education classes. They are similar in such ways that you still have to go to class, do class work, home work, take test, and study hard. Depending on the school, teachers can also give you that one on one help. Class sizes can also be similar to high school if you attend a small college. They are both learning experiences that the individual helps write for themselves by their choices and decisions. There are similarities in the people also. Even in college cliques and groups develop, just like in high school. On the other hand, we all know that high school and college are very different. The work in high school is kind of easy. In college, it’s time to strap down and get to work. There’s really no room for error. Attendance is very important in high school. If you miss a day in class, the teacher would call home. In college, it’s your own responsibility. Students end up having the same friends throughout high school, because they grew up with them in elementary and middle school. Because of this, they earn an image or reputation. College is a new beginning. People are not tagged with a prior social status or image. It is an opportunity to start new and meet new people. Some people meet many of their lifelong friends in college, because they go through so much together. In a way, they are transferring to adulthood, with them by their side. High school and college are what students makes of it. High school prepares people for college. College is a new chapter in life, and also a new beginning. In a way, college is a mature version of high school. To find the true similarities and differences, people must experience both for themselves.

Biography of Louis XV, Beloved King of France

Biography of Louis XV, Beloved King of France King Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774) was the second-to-last king of France prior to the French Revolution. Although he was known as â€Å"Louis the Beloved,† his fiscal irresponsibility and political maneuvers set the stage for the French Revolution and, ultimately, the fall of the French monarchy. Fast Facts: Louis XV Full Name:  Louis of the house of BourbonOccupation: King of FranceBorn: February 15, 1710 in the Palace of Versailles, FranceDied: May 10, 1774 in the Palace of Versailles, FranceSpouse: Marie LeszczyÅ„skaChildren: Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma; Princess Henriette; Princess Marie Louise; Louis, Dauphin of France; Philippe, Duke of Anjou; Princess Marie Adà ©laà ¯de; Princess Victoire; Princess Sophie; Princess Thà ©rà ¨se; Louise, Abbess of Saint DenisKey Accomplishments: Louis XV led France through a period of immense change, winning (and losing) territories and ruling over the second-longest reign in French history. His political choices, however, laid the foundation of dissent that would eventually lead to the French Revolution. Becoming the Dauphin Louis was the second surviving son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife, Princess Marie Adelaide of Savoy. The Duke of Burgundy was the eldest son of the Dauphin, Louis, who was in turn the eldest son of King Louis XIV, the â€Å"Sun King.† The Duke of Burgundy was known as â€Å"Le Petit Dauphin† and his father as â€Å"le Grand Dauphin.† From 1711 to 1712, a series of illnesses struck the royal family, causing chaos in the line of succession. On April 14, 1711, the â€Å"Grand Dauphin† died of smallpox, which meant that Louis’ father, the Duke of Burgundy, became first in line for the throne. Then, in February 1712, both of Louis’ parents fell ill with measles. Marie Adelaide died on February 12, and the Duke of Burgundy died less than a week later on February 18. This left Louis’ brother, the Duke of Brittany (also, confusingly, named Louis) as the new Dauphin and heir at the age of five. However, in March 1712, both brothers contracted measles as well. A day or two into their illness, the Duke of Brittany died. Their governess, Madame de Ventadour, refused to let doctors continue bleeding Louis, which likely saved his life. He recovered and became the heir to his great-grandfather, Louis XIV. In 1715, Louis XIV died, and five-year-old Louis became King Louis XV. The laws of the land required there to be a regency for the next eight years, until Louis turned thirteen. Officially, the role of Regent went to Phillippe II, Duke of Orleans, the son of Louis XIV’s brother Phillippe. However, Louis XIV had distrusted the Duke of Orleans and preferred that the Regency be held by his favorite illegitimate son, the Duke of Maine; to this end, he had rewritten his will to create a Regency council rather than a singular Regent. In order to circumvent this, Phillippe made a deal with the Parlement of Paris: annul Louis XIV’s changed will in exchange for the return of the droit de remontrance: the right to challenge the king’s decisions. This would prove fatal to the monarchy’s functioning and ultimately lead to the French Revolution. Regency and the Boy King During the Regency, Louis XV spent most of his time at the Tuileries Palace. At the age of seven, his time under Madame de Ventadour’s care ended and he was placed under the tutelage of Franà §ois, the Duke of Villeroy, who educated him and taught him royal etiquette and protocol. Louis developed what would be a lifelong love for hunting and horseback riding. He also came to have an interest in geography and science, which would influence his reign. In October 1722, Louis XV was formally crowned king, and in February 1723, the Regency was formally ended. The Duke of Orleans transitioned into the role of prime minister, but soon died. In his place, Louis XV appointed his cousin, the Duke of Bourbon. The duke turned his attention to brokering a royal marriage. After evaluating nearly a hundred candidates, the somewhat surprisingly choice was Marie LeszczyÅ„ska, a princess from the deposed Polish royal family who was seven years Louis’ senior, and they married in 1725, when he was 15 and she was 22. Their first child was born in 1727, and they had a total of ten children- eight daughters and two sons- over the next decade. Although the king and queen loved one another, the successive pregnancies took a toll on their marriage, and the king began taking mistresses. The most famous of those was Madame de Pompadour, who was his mistress from 1745 to 1750 but remained a close friend and advisor, as well as a major cultural influence. Religious dissent was the first and most enduring problem of Louis’ reign. In 1726, a delayed request from Louis XIV to the pope was fulfilled, and a papal bull was issued condemning Jansenism, a popular subset of Catholic doctrine. Ultimately, the bull was enforced by Cardinal de Fleury (who persuaded Louis to back it), and heavy penalties were levied on religious dissenters. De Fleury and the Duke of Bourbon clashed over the king’s favor, and de Fleury ultimately was the victor. Rule of Fleury From this point until his death in 1743, Cardinal de Fleury was the de facto ruler of France, manipulating and flattering the king into allowing him to make all the decisions. Although the cardinal’s rule produced an appearance of harmony, his strategies for keeping power actually resulted in a growing amount of opposition. He banned debate in Parlement and weakened the navy, both of which came back to haunt the monarchy in huge ways. France was involved in two wars in relatively quick succession. In 1732, the War of Polish Succession began, with France supporting the Queen of France’s father Stanislaw and an Eastern European bloc secretly agreeing to bypass him. Ultimately, Fleury spearheaded a diplomatic solution. Following this, and its role in negotiating the Treaty of Belgrade between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire, France was hailed as a major diplomatic power and came to control trade in the Middle East. The War of Austrian Succession began in late 1740. Louis XV initially refused involvement, but under Fleury’s influence, France allied with Prussia against Austria. By 1744, France was struggling, and Louis XV went to the Netherlands to lead his army himself. In 1746, the French occupied Brussels. The war didn’t end, though, until 1749, and many French citizens were unhappy with the terms of the treaty. Louis’ Later Reign and Legacy With Fleury dead, Louis decided to rule without a prime minister. His first act was to try to reduce the national debt and improve the tax system, but his plans met with fierce opposition from the nobility and the clergy because it taxed them, rather than just â€Å"ordinary† citizens. He also attempted to purge Jansenists from a semi-religious organization of hospitals and shelters. War followed again, first in the New World in the French and Indian War, then against Prussia and Britain directly in the Seven Years’ War. The end result was the end of French rule in Canada and the West Indies. Louis’ government continued to falter; the Parlements rebelled against the king’s taxation authority, which would begin the pre-Revolution dissent. By 1765, Louis had suffered major losses. Madame de Pompadour died in 1764, and his son and heir Louis died of tuberculosis in 1765. Fortunately, the Dauphin had a son who became Dauphin in turn, the future Louis XVI. Tragedy continued: the late Dauphin’s wife died, followed in 1768 by the Queen. By 1769, Louis XV had a new mistress: Madame du Barry, who gained a reputation for crassness and impertinence. In 1770, Louis’ ministers began fighting back against the rebellious Parlements, consolidating royal power, imposing controls on the price of grain, and attempting to rid the tax system of corruption. The same year, Marie Antoinette came to court as the wife of the future Louis XVI. Even in his final years, Louis XV pursued new construction projects. In 1774, Louis fell ill with smallpox. He died on May 10 and was succeeded by his grandson Louis XVI. Although Louis XV was popular during his lifetime, historians point to his hands-off approach, his conflicts with Parlements, his expensive wars and courts, and his suppressive activities as laying the foundation for the French Revolution. The French Enlightenment took place during his reign, with the participation of brilliant minds such as Voltaire and Rousseau, but he also censored many of their works. A handful of historians defend Louis and suggest his negative reputation was created to justify the French Revolution, but that view is in the minority. Ultimately, Louis XV is typically viewed as a poor monarch who gave over too much of his power and in so doing set in motion events that would eventually lead to the destruction of the monarchy and the upheaval of France. Sources Bernier, Olivier. Louis the Beloved: The Life of Louis XV, (1984).â€Å"Louis XV.† Biography, https://www.biography.com/royalty/louis-xv.â€Å"Louis XV: King of France.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XV.

Dorothea Dix Quotes

Dorothea Dix Quotes Dorothea Dix, an activist who served in the Civil War as Superintendent of Female Nurses, also worked for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. Selected Dorothea Dix Quotes I think even lying on my bed I can still do something. [attributed, possibly incorrectly] The tapestry of history has no point at which you can cut it and leave the design intelligible. In a world where there is so much to be done, I felt strongly impressed that there must be something for me to do.   I come to present the strong claims of suffering humanity. I come to place before the Legislature of Massachusetts the condition of the miserable, the desolate, the outcast. I come as the advocate of helpless, forgotten, insane men and women; of beings sunk to a condition from which the unconcerned world would start with real horror. Society, during the last hundred years, has been alternately perplexed and encouraged, respecting the two great questions - how shall the criminal and pauper be disposed of, in order to reduce crime and reform the criminal on the one hand, and, on the other, to diminish pauperism and restore the pauper to useful citizenship? [Remarks on Prisons and Prison Discipline in the United States]   Moderate employment, moderate exercise, as much freedom as is consistent with the safety of the patient, and as little apparent anxious watchfulness with cheerful society should be sought.   This sentiment of satisfaction in being useful, the guardian of the insane cannot too carefully watch over and foster since it conducts to self-control and self-respect. Incurables who are able and willing to work, are much more contented and enjoy better health when employed. If County Jails must be resorted to for security against the dangerous propensities of madmen, let such use of prison-rooms and dungeons be but temporary.   I admit that public peace and security are seriously endangered by the non-restraint of the maniacal insane. I consider it in the highest degree improper that they should be allowed to range the towns and country without care or guidance; but this does not justify the public in any State or community, under any circumstances or conditions, in committing the insane to prisons; in a majority of cases the rich may be, or are sent to Hospitals; the poor under the pressure of this calamity, have the same just claim upon the public treasury, as the rich have upon the private purse of their family as they have the need, so have they the right to share the benefits of Hospital treatment.   A man usually values that most for which he has labored; he uses that most frugally which he has toiled hour by hour and day by day to acquire. While we diminish the stimulant of fear, we must increase to prisoners the incitements of hope: in proportion as we extinguish the terrors of the law, we should awaken and strengthen the control of the conscience. [emphasis in original] Man is not made better by being degraded; he is seldom restrained from crime by harsh measures, except the principle of fear predominates in his character; and then he is never made radically better for its influence.

Human Resources Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resources Functions - Essay Example To perform its add value function, the human resource planning should be fully integrated with an  overall organizational strategic plan, especially the firm's growth objectives. Outside influences f economic conditions, technology, the labor market, and so on should be given adequate consideration when developing the human resource plan. Changes in job design should be explicitly recognized in the plan. It should be kept flexible and adaptable so it can change as conditions change. Staffing is the process f hiring people to perform work for the organization. It comprises two major activities: recruitment and selection. Recruitment is the set f activities an organization uses to attract job candidates who have the abilities and attitudes needed to help the organization achieves its objectives. Selection is the process f choosing individuals who have the necessary qualifications to perform a particular job well. These two activities are key human resource activities in every organization. And these are continuous processes in organizational life. (Diallo 2003) Staffing is a mutual matching process: organizations seek individuals who will help them achieve goals such as profitability, growth, and in some cases survival; individuals seek organizational that will help them achieve goals such as fulfilling needs and obtaining rewards.   Staffing is a mutual matching process: organizations seek individuals who will help them achieve goals such as profitability, growth, and in some cases survival; individuals seek organizational that will help them achieve goals such as fulfilling needs and obtaining rewards. HR must achieve both types f fit in order to be maximally effective. A better job f recruiting and matching employees to jobs will mean lower employee turnover and greater employee satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. Moreover, HR should pay attention to align their recruitment and selection practices with their business strategy(s) and organizations must have the human capabilities that enable them to effectively implement their chosen strategy(s). Some organizations even consider their human resource talents as a source of competitive advantage and adapt business strategies to fit those organizational capabilities. With the anticipated shortage of new entrants to the labor force in the next decade, staffing will be a key issue for HR for some time to come. This is especially true during these hard financial times when the compensation and benefits you can provide to attract and retain staff are limited. HR professionals must work to develop training, leadership, diversity, and work/life programs to turn their organizations into places where employees want to stay. New studies and research back up what HR has been saying for years: The organizations that treat their employees well, give them opportunities, and are flexible are the ones that will keep their key talent.

Report of Collaboration Manager (interview) Essay

Report of Collaboration Manager (interview) - Essay Example Costco world headquarters are located in Washington and Korea home-office is located in Costco Yangpyung location. Costco in Korea also targets lower end customers by selling products at low prices, often at very high volume. Costco is experiencing rapid growth in its Asian business. Ever since Costco entered into Asian market, international outlets has experienced a sales growth of 7% in 2011 and Costco’s best performing store is in Korea. Costco does not provide multiple brands varieties where the item is essentially the same except when it has a house brand to sell, often under the Kirkland trademark label. Their distribution system focuses on a high volume of sales from single vendors, allowing further reductions in price and lower marketing costs. Through the collaborative manager interview report, more research and investigation was held on how Costco Korea implemented its business strategy in Korean market and successfully created the collaborative work environment in t heir distribution channel. In addition, the report focused on their collaborative strategy of how the company communicated with Costco buyers in order to meet local customer demands and requirements. In order to gain visibility into performance at Costco Korea, it was necessary to interview Korean branch of collaborative manager, Sung-Gu Ryu to gain his personal experience and perspectives on overall category of growth trends. Role of the CM in Helping the Organization Achieve Its Strategic Objectives Collaborative manager entails the working together of managers in an organization to achieve the goals and the objectives of the organization. Sung-Gu Ryu outlined the strategic objectives of Costco Corporation which gave directions to his role as the CM. To begin with, Costco Corporation operates on a best value and best price principle. This means that Sung-Gu Ryu has a role of developing and implementing quality assessment tools that aim at investigating the satisfaction of the cust omers with the quality of products being produced by Costco Corporation. Moreover, Sung-Gu Ryu has the role of ensuring that customers are satisfied with the price of commodities being offered compared to its competitors, in bid to offer the best price for its commodities. Acting ethically, is another strategic objective of Costco Corporation and Sung-Gu Ryu as the CM has a great role in ensuring that this strategic objective is achieved. Firstly, he ensures that the managers working in collaboration with him are managers of integrity and have a high moral standard. This ensures that their operations are morally and ethically upright as pertains to how they treat their customers, employees, suppliers and competitors. Moreover, it is the strategic objective of Costco Corporation to never lose sight of the reason why they are in operation. Sung-Gu Ryu being the CM has the duty of en-culturing the staff to this organization culture and ensuring that every employee knows the vision and mission of Costco Corporation. So as never to lose sight of this vision, it is embedded on products developed by the Corporation and Sung-Gu Ryu also comes up with slogans aiding in achievement of Costco Corporation’s strategic objectives. CMs background, Obstacles Faced, Process Used to Develop External Relationships and Achieve Significant Milestones Sung-Gu Ryu, is the manager who is bestowed with

Excluding all finance and accounting courses, what has been your Essay

Excluding all finance and accounting courses, what has been your favorite course taken as an undergraduate and why - Essay Example Another aspect of marketing that makes the course my favorite is its broad functionality. Marketing equips one with skills useful to almost any organization that seeks to promote itself and remain competitive. Knowledge of consumer psychology presents a fascinating experience that I view as an opportunity to better my understanding of business processes. Learning the role of psychology in consumer marketing was an important aspect that made me like the course. The course allows students to carry out field research together, and this provides an opportunity for me to develop my research skills. I also like the fact that the course allows me to evaluate commercials for stereotypes and gender identity. Conclusively, marketing as a course has provided me with skills that I feel will serve as a competitive advantage in the job

Overview Of The Company Almarai Business Essay

Overview Of The Company Almarai Business Essay The founder of Almarai is HH Prince Sultan Bin Mohammed Bin Saudi Al Kabeer who recognized the potential to transform the traditional dairy farming in Saudi Arabia in order to meet the needs of a growing domestic market. Numerous agricultural projects were developed under his guidance to achieve the objective of the company. Almarai stepped into the market with the processing of fresh milk and laban into the modern dairy farms. The Company has invested heavily in technologically advanced production facilities and recruiting the right person for the right job. Almarai is considered to be the second and the larger Central Processing Plant with a new cheese plant along with it. On a daily basis, Almarai is capable of serving high quality and hygienic products to more than 43,500 customers within the GCC countries. In 2005, Almarai moved from being a privately owned Company to a publicly listed company and it has over 70,000 shareholders. In 2007, with the acquisition of Western Bakeries, Almarai expanded its product line to include bakery products which improved distribution, and product innovation. The success of Almarai is because of its unique infrastructure which includes farms, dairy, juice and bakery processing plants. And also it is determined by the marketing and distribution expertise, all of which are working towards delivering a quality product to the consumer. Product / Services Details Juices: Almarai always uses the best fruit to make the juices that the customers love. It maintains good balance between good health and great taste. Home Snacks: Snacks products are the tastier and the simple one which would give relishing taste. Yoghurts and Desserts: Pure and calcium-rich favorites for the entire family. Desserts are made from 100% natural, fresh cows milk. Culinary Products: Almarai provides the tastiest cheeses, and richest creams which makes mothers work easy in the kitchen. Dairy Liquids: There is a complete range of delicious laban and milk based dairy products for the entire family. Kids Products: Kids products prove to be a fun and a healthy bunch for kids. Product Mix and Product Line Product Mix Product Line Juices Home Snacks Yoghurts and Desserts Culinary Products Dairy Liquids Kids Products Mixed Fruit, Strawberry, Alphonso Mango, Orange with Pulp, Orange, Orange and Carrot, Apple, Mango, Mango Mixed Fruit, Fruit Cocktail, Mixed Berry, lemon with Mint, Guava with Pulp. Cream Jar Mix, Cheddar Jar Cheese, Sliced Cheese, Square Cheese Portions, Block Cheddar, Halloumi Cheese. Yoghurt, Fresh Cream, Labneh, Layered fruit Yoghurt, Stirred Fruit Yoghurt, Sterilized Cream, Desserts. Tinned Cheese, Butter, Ghee, Mozzarella Cheese, Feta Cheese, Whipping Cream, Tomato Paste. Fresh laban, Fresh Milk, Flavored Fresh Milk, UHT Milk, Evaporated Milk, Advanced Nutrition. Triangled Cheese, UHT Flavored Milk, Zady Drinking Yoghurt, Zady Flavored Yoghurt, Zady Jelly Custard, Zady Fruit Dairy Snack. Product Strategies Product Strategy is the most important function of a company. Almarai was successful because of its unique blend of state-of-the-art infrastructure which includes farms, production operations and go-to-market system. The company distributes its products annually which covers more than 110 million kilometers in delivering dairy, juice, bakery and poultry products reaching up to 41, 797 customers across six GCC states. Ø Product Differentiation: In 1997, Almarai introduced fresh juice to complement the range of dairy products. Then the company for further expansion into bakery in 2007 with the acquisition of Western Bakeries. In the year 2009, poultry was added through the acquisition with Hail Agricultural Development Company (HADCO). During the same year, Almarai made acquisition with Mead Johnson Nutrition to form a 50-50 joint venture known as the International Pediatric Nutrition Company (IPNC). Ø Product Positioning: The way a firms product, brand or organization is placed on the market so it is easily acceptable and recognizable by the customers. * Almarai launches UHT Flavored Milk with different flavours which are targeted at kids. * Almarai enters into the market of baby food which provided the company the opportunities of expansion into new categories. Price Determination Almarai decides its price on the basis of competition. For example, for a pack of 300ml of Orange with Pulp is priced at Dhs 2.50 instead of Dhs 2.00. This pricing strategy makes consumers perceive the products to be affordable. All other branded products are priced between the ranges from Dhs 2 to Dhs 4. Pricing Strategy Pricing refers to the methods adopted by the companies to price their products or services. The cost to produce and design a product, its cost to distribute and promote it must be included in pricing. Pricing a product too high or too low could mean a loss of sales for the organization. Ø Cost Based Pricing:Almarai prices its products by following this strategy. It takes into account the cost of production and distribution, and then they decide final pricing for the products. Almarai milk as compared with Nadec Milk is less in price and also gives the same quantity as of Nadec. It is priced at Dhs 9 whereas Nadec Milk at Dhs 10. Ø Product Line Pricing: Pricing different products within the same product range but at different prices. For example, for a pack of 1.75L of Strawberry Juice costs around Dhs 8 whereas for a pack of 1.75L of Orange Juice is priced at Dhs 7. Distribution Channels used Almarai has long-haul fleet which transports raw milk from dairy farms to the Central Processing Plants and then it transports the finished goods from the production site to different designated sales locations. Almarai reaches to more than 42,000 shops within the GCC countries on daily basis. It ensures that the products are properly packed with appropriate temperatures for different products. The transports are specially designed so that the products are not spoiled and last for longer time. Almarai transports the finished to small grocery stores and supermarkets. Almarai enjoys increasing incomes and demands that come from supermarkets where one shop for ones weekly requirement in a single visit. Packaging Packaging means covering or protecting the product with one or more suitable materials for ease in handling, transportation and marketing. Packaging not only differentiates one brand from another but also gives a preview of the product. Almarai ensures that all its products are properly packed and refrigerated in proper temperatures so that the products maintain its fresh nature and quality. Liquid products are transported in those transports which has refrigerator facility so that it does not get spoiled by over time. Almarai mainly emphasis on quality. Packaging is done in a very clear and uncluttered way so that it is easily recognizable. Promotion Almarai promotes its products through adopting various medium so that the product reaches the customers effectively. Newspaper Campaign Front and inner page color advertisements in various popular newspapers like Khaleej Times, 7 Days, Gulf news†¦etc Radio Campaign Emphasizing on the taste promotional and discount factors which attracts flow of customers to buy the product. Discounts The products are given to customers on discount promotional basis which in turn earns not only increase in profit margin but also goodwill among the customers. For example, Recently Almarai gave discounts of Dhs 2 offer reduction on all its pack of 1.75L Juices which was a new attraction even among the competitors. TV Commercials TV ads are considered as the most common medium for promoting the product. Almarai does regular TV commercials on different channels. It makes the advertisement so attractive especially when it comes for Kids products. Billboards and Holdings Almarai uses even this medium to promote its products and also to make people aware of its discounts and offerings. Almarai has such sites in different locations where people presence is more. Questionnaire Dear Sir / Madam, I am a student of University of Bedfordshire conducting a Survey based on Almarai Company for my Marketing Course. I request you to fill this questionnaire. This data will be used only for educational purpose. Name: Gender: Occupation: Age: a) 15 25 b) 25 35 c) 35 45 d) Above 50 1. Do you drink Almarai Juices? a) Yes b) No 2. Which Flavor you like the most? a) Orange b) Mango c) Strawberry d) Lemon e) Guava f) Cocktail g) Mixed Berry h) Apple 3. Which Brand of Juices you like the most? a) Almarai b) Al Rawabi c) Rani d) Caesar e) Masafi f) Lacnor 4. What is the reason behind choosing your brand? a) Tasty b) Price c)Availability d) Like e) Advertisement f) Quality 5. How much Quantity you purchase the most? a) 200ml b) 300ml c) 1.75L d) 1L 6. Have you tried any other Almarai products other than juices? a) Culinary Products (Tinned Cheese, Butter, Ghee, Feta Cheese, Whipping Cream) b) Dairy Liquids (Fresh Laban, Fresh Milk, Flavored Fresh Milk, UHT Milk, Evaporated Milk, Advanced Nutrition) c) Home Snacks (Cream Jar Cheese, Cheddar Jar Cheese, Sliced Cheese, Square Cheese Portions, Block Cheddar, Halloumi Cheese) d) Yoghurts and Desserts (Yoghurt, Fresh Cream, Labneh, Layered Fruit Yoghurt, Stirred Fruit Yoghurt, Sterilized Cream, Desserts) e) Kids Products (Triangled Cheese, UHT Flavored Milk, Zady Drinking Yoghurt, Zady Flavored Yoghurt, Zady Jelly Custard, Zady Fruit Dairy Snack) 7. Attractive discounts are offered? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Neutral 8. Are you satisfied with the Quality? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Neutral 9. Would you recommend Almarai products to your friends? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Neutral 10. What is your overall opinion about Almarai? a) Very Good b) Good c) Bad d) Very Bad e) Neutral