Truman s Foreign Policy On President Of The United States

Throughout his tenure as the President of the United States, the public opinion of Harry S. Truman has varied wildly, from being beloved by most all the American population, to being opposed by that same populace a few short years later. Though his domestic policy certainly did not help him, Truman’s foreign policy, the most famous, or infamous, depending on how one looks at it, was the most influential with the public. The anti-communist fervor in the United States, coupled with a few other factors, led to the Truman Administration’s increasingly unpopular actions in its foreign policy. The main causes of Truman’s unpopularity in his second term as president were rooted in his anti-communist and imperialist foreign policy towards the end, and after World War 2. Before delving into how Truman’s foreign policy affected public opinion on him, it is important to see the man’s own beliefs on the subject. On foreign policy, Truman claimed that his foreig n policy had been made â€Å"on the basis of an informed public opinion and overwhelming support† (Source 2 p.190), and he wasn’t wrong to a certain extent. It was successful in the way Fmr. Secretary of State Christian Herter describes: â€Å"a successful foreign policy must†¦ to be effective, command the support of the vast majority of the American people-otherwise it would not be given the tools by the Congress which are essential to its fulfillment.† (Source 2 p. 191). While most of his decisions were initially made from publicShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Cold War996 Words   |  4 PagesUnion and the United States escalated with the end of World War II in the summer of 1945. The Soviet Union and the United States, having been on the Allies fighting against the Axis, were both victorious world superpowers at the end of WWII. With conflicting government systems (on one side socialism and on the other democracy) however, these two nations would f ight a cold war for the next few decades in hope of making their rule secure. This would shape America’s foreign and domestic policy for the nextRead MoreHarry S. Truman: A Tremendously Influential President Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesHarry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri on May 8, 1884 and was at first just an average boy and then man, with dreams in the music field and interests in reading and history. His mother greatly supported his ideas and desires and wished him the best. Truman worked a series of clerical jobs and worked on the Santa Fe Railroad as well (â€Å"Harry S. Truman†). Truman’s first encounter with politics was when he served in WWI and was a captain in the Field Artillery in France. When he returned from FranceRead MoreThe Taming Of General Macarthur1712 Words   |  7 Pagesconfrontation in the history of the United States could convey how such person can lose their authority and trustworthiness. President Harry S. Truman termin ated General Douglas MacArthur from his position as the leader of the U.S. forces in Korea after General MacArthur escalated the conflict, going against the U.S. policy and igniting a huge argument between the Chinese and the Americans. MacArthur also went against Truman s diplomatic policy directly and taunted the People s Republic of China by leakingRead MoreTrumans Domestic And Foreign Policies1094 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Harry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri on May 8, 1884. â€Å"The son of John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen (Young) Truman.† Truman’s father worked as mule trader and a farmer while Martha was a musician and homemaker. Young Truman had three siblings growing up and eventually married his childhood love Bess Wallace on June 28, 1919, (Truman Biography†, n.d.). President Harry S. Truman assumed the responsibilities and duties of an American President after the death of President FranklinRead MoreCold War and U1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Truman Doctrine Mark Newsome Strayer University Politics 300 Dr. Sussie Okoro 16 March 2014 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Truman Doctrine Harry S. Truman was President of the United States from 1945-1953. President Truman presidency was marked throughout by important foreign policy initiatives. Central to almost everything Truman undertook in his foreign policy was the desire to prevent the expansion of influence of the Soviet Union. At the endRead MoreHarry S. Trum President Of The United States After The Cold War1025 Words   |  5 PagesHarry S. Truman became commander in chief of the United States after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945. In the course of Truman’s eight years in office he came across with massive challenges in both foreign and domestic affairs. Truman’s approaches toward the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and overseas became a major way of leading foreign policy in America for generations. At home, Truman protected and reinforced the New Deal reforms of his predecessor, guided the American economyRead MoreDifficulties of Trumans Taking the Presidency from Roosevelt 1626 Words   |  7 PagesAs Vice President, Harry S. Truman seldom saw President Roosevelt, therefore acquiring no updates on the progress of the atomic bomb or the developing predicament with Communist Russia. After Roosevelt’s unexpected death, these dilemmas as well as an array of wartime problems became Truman’s to resolve as the new president. When he came into office on April 2nd, 1945, World War II was nearing its end, leaving Europe in absolute chaos. Truman had to search for ways to aid the country in picking upRead MoreTruman Doctrine And The Policy Of The United States1311 Words   |  6 PagesHarry S. Truman once declared, It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. (Truman Doctrine, ourdocuments.gov) This quote was given by President Truman in a speech directed to Congress in hopes that they would aid his mission and goal. This doctrine, or princi ple, that was expressed by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, was called the Truman Doctrine. President Truman s stance was that theRead MoreCurrent Events and US Diplomacy on Truman Doctrine957 Words   |  4 Pagesand US Diplomacy: The introduction of the Truman Doctrine in March 1947 by President Harry S. Truman was an outline for the basic foreign policy that America would use against Communism and the Soviet Union for nearly four decades. While President Truman assumed office while inexperienced in global affairs, the doctrine demonstrated his firm stewardship on foreign policy. The doctrine, which was eventually adopted as an international relations policy, was introduced in a speech regarding intentionsRead MoreContainment: The American Way1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States made a commitment to fight communism after World War II everywhere it could in the world and got involved in conflicts more because of self-interest and determination to beat communism than the cause. This first appears with the Truman Doctrine, which set the precedent for America to assist anti-communist regimes around the world. After World War II and up until the early 1990’s the foreign policy of the United Stat es was based on the policy of the containment of Cold War ideology

Tension between Rehabilitation and Punishment in an...

Essay Discussing Discuss: The tension between rehabilitation and punishment in an incarceration setting. What happens when one is emphasized over the other? Is it possible to strike a balance? The tension between rehabilitation and punishment has been increasing dramatically. This is because there have been sharp rises in the prison population and repeat offender rates. When one area is over emphasized in relation to the other, there is the possibility that imbalances will occur. Over the course of time, these issues can create challenges that will impact the criminal justice system and society at large. (Gadek, 2010) (Clear, 2011) (Gatotch, 2011) For example, if there is an emphasis on punishment over rehabilitation. The crime, incarceration and repeat offender rates will climb. This is because there is no focus on helping the individual to understand their problems (from a lack of support). At the same time, convicts have no way of supporting themselves. This encourages them to go back into crimina l related activities in order to make ends meet. Once this takes place, is when criminal justice system will face increased costs and large case back loads. (Gadek, 2010) (Clear, 2011) (Gatotch, 2011) However, if there is an over emphasis on rehabilitation, it is possible that other abuses could occur. This will take place by not punishing someone for a crime they knowingly committed. Instead, they are given another chance to address these challenges. When this happens,Show MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Hiv During The United States891 Words   |  4 Pagesthat of the general adult population. HIV in prison settings is a serious issue not only in the U.S but worldwide due to the commonality of high risk-behaviors among all prison populations such as rape, drug use and needle sharing, tattooing and unsafe sex practices. This makes prisons a breeding ground for the onward transmission of HIV due to the over crowdedness, combined with the atmosphere of violence and fear. The release from such tensions are typically found in these high-risk behaviors,Read MoreThe Effectiveness of Community-Based Corrections Program2965 Words   |  12 Pagesspaces is cruel, inhuman, ill, degrading, and unjust punishment. Overcrowding is dangerous to health and to human life. It breeds diseases, breaks down discipline and exacerbates tensions. Having to fight for air and space 24 hours a day make prison, in the words of inmates, a living death. Add dirty tap water, dingy toilets, substandard meals, gang war, lack of prison personnel, favoritism, and having a system built for punishment, not for rehabilitation. This is not the enlightened approach to penologyRead MoreThe Failure Of Imprisonment On The United States1876 Words   |  8 Pagesapprehended. At worst, prisons are brutalizing, cannot be shown to rehabilitate or deter offenders into society. If anything, American prisons are not fulfilling their purpose. Many people wonder why we have prisons today. Glenn Loury believes rehabilitation is a dead letter; retribution is the thing. The function of imprisonment is not to reform or redirect offenders. Rather it is to keep them away from â€Å"us.† (Loury, 68) Imprisonment on a massive scale has become one of the central aspects of ourRead MoreThe Conflicting Tensions Of The Juvenile Justice System3706 Words   |  15 Pages The Conflicting Tensions of the Juvenile Justice System Alisa Koyama SW 500 University of Washington During the Progressive Era - a period of industrialization, capitalism, and stratification of the class system - reformers helped establish the juvenile justice system as a way to decrease the rising juvenile crimes while also maintaining the dignity of the ‘uncontaminated’ and therefore deserving youth (Platt, 1977; Peirce, 1869). However, in reality, the complicated nature of working withRead MoreEffects Of Substance Abuse And Rehabilitation Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Addiction treatment and rehabilitation has increased more dramatically and more broadly than many other social concerns. Addiction and the use of substances was once only seen as a deviant behavior and is approached from a more general understanding and acceptance than before when the treatment was typically punishment. Substance abuse is a social concern that has many areas that require many different approaches and often times several different theories applied at once. Social learningRead MoreThe Problem Of A Crime Free World Essay1905 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease in the percent of gang affiliation, which poses a threat not only among other inmates but also to the prison staff. Further current problems such as lack of prison funding, poor evaluations of inmate’s mental state, and no programs aiding rehabilitation are also serious problems in resolving prison violence. The idea of a crime-free world seems impossible because the reality is there will always be someone somewhere committing one. Logically the only thing we are able to do is to try to manageRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems Courts and Corrections2319 Words   |  9 Pagesexposed families and their children, Juvenile Justice is atop the list, suffering division in regards to what is the best form of action versus common action. In other words it is between what we as people know works and what the system most often do that aren’t as successful. Our system relies heavily on incarceration and detention, we should instead focus our resources into proven strategies that are cost efficient, increase our public safety, and also look to increase the success of youth thatRead MoreThe Issue Of The Criminal Justice Correctional System4492 Words   |  18 Pagesfloors in every section of the prison due to the lack of space and beds (Ornduff, 1996). Some inmates stated that they had to s leep that way for several months (Ornduff, 1996). Managing the needs of all types of inmates, finding alternatives to incarceration, and focusing on decreasing recidivism in the key prison overcrowding. Female Inmates Women in prison differ considerably from male inmates simply because of the types of crimes they commit. Most of the crimes that women commit are more likelyRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Roles2518 Words   |  11 Pageswhen society thought that the blue was a girl color it became so. This is how gender is socially constructed, as opposed to being naturally ordained. According to Connell (1987), gender can also become embedded in â€Å"body postures, musculature, and tensions in our bodies,† shaping not only preferences, but also the way a particular person must walk according to the appropriate way defined by society. These are shaped through the years by parents, teachers, and by themselves, as they begin to learn socialRead MoreSoc Test9122 Words   |  37 Pagesfunctionalist; symbolic interactionist functionalist; conflict conflict; symbolic interactionist 10 points Question 4 One of the intended purposes of the mass incarceration in the United States is punishment of crime. This is a/n _____ of incarceration. Answer intentional function beneficial function manifest function latent function dysfunction 10 points Question 5

Management of Performance

Question: Discuss about the Management of Performance. Answer: Introduction The training and development of the employees is believed to be one of the main factors in a company that drives to the success of the business as well as its competitiveness. Performance management is the core reason for offering training and development in a company as it is a process where the goals of the performance are established, interventions are designed and programs arranged to develop the employees and improve their performance. It is a process that signals the employees on what is important to the organization ensuring accountability for actions and outcomes to help improve on the performance. Management of performance is never a single entity but a comprehensive ongoing and continuous process with activities and programs to develop and improve the performance of the employees. In this paper, the main theme of action is the human resource management training techniques and practice. 1. Diagnosing performance issues Performance Management The figure above is a simple illustration of the performance management process noting that it is a process associated with many components closely related to each other. Setting of goals in the first step in the process where the managers are top meet with the employees to discuss the expectations of the performance and agree on the performance goals. The goals are usually originating from the organizational and departmental goals and objectives. It is in handy with ensuring that the goals of the employees are conforming to the goals of the department and those of the organization. On agreeing on the goals, the employees are to receive ongoing feedback to know whether or not they are accomplishing their goals (Luecke and Brian, 49). Aside from the informal network of feedback, another formal process of performance management is the evaluation of the employees. In this process, there is the application of the standard rating where the managers and the employees are manages the employees performance on various dimensions reviewing the extent to which the employees accomplished their goals. A critical component of the performance management is the development of the employee and the criterion for the development plan. It is associated with the programs and activities designed to assist the workers in achieving their goals and improve their performances. Each of the components of performance management indicted in the figure above provides certain information on the developmental requirements of the employees. it is, however, noted that although the evaluation performance is a critical need of the management of performance, there still needs to be a critical component of the process; employee development that needs an effective training and development programs (Cokins, 54). 2. Barriers to Effective Performance The clothing stores appear to have followed the primary requirements with regards to their attainment of effective performance. There is the part of the employee recruitment and retention where the training and development appears to be an effective tool for attracting and retaining the top talented employees. Henry Risen is seen to have been well equipped to fighting the possible barriers to attaining their success through effective performance. Companies use the case of training to increase the attractiveness to their prospective employees and retaining current workers. Most of the companies today use training as their priority retention tool. The failure of a company to give their employees the necessary training chances is disadvantageous to the attraction of new workers and retention of the already employed. It has been proven that the business entities spending more on their employees training and development have low voluntary and involuntary turnover rates. Most of the compan ies are offering an extensive training and development opportunities to retain their employees (Saks et al., 38). Companies are said to be at higher chances of becoming a success through the training and coaching that is offered to the employees arming them with the knowledge and skills to influence the attaining of the goals and objectives of the organization. By linking the training to the strategic plans of the company, the training turns out to be s strategic activity operating according to the organizations programs and activities to achieve their strategic business objectives. Once an employee is trained, they are prone to doing better work where they make a few errors and they need minimal supervision with positive attitudes. The trained employees are as well known to be more productive and highly performing 3: Recommendations from Mager and Pipes Performance Flowchart In some other cases, the leaders might be forced to find the solution to their problems following processes and procedures that can require delicate and complex skills. In the Mager and pipe flow chart, there are a series of questions asked dwelling more into the problems prior to the development of a solution. According to their chart, problems could be solved in a systematic manner. it also addresses the issues as to whether the pursue of the solution is needed. It includes the cost effective analysis to protect the potential procedures. In cases where the problem is identified correctly, and there is a need to fix it, there should be an instant fix. It is a recommendation according to the chart by pipe and Mager. Two, it is also recommended that you ensure that the problem is not dependent to a system that is prone to rewarding wrong activities. In their theory, they give questions and solutions and great systematic approaches to the identification of a problem as well as their solutions. In other instances, Mager and pipe are also found to recommend that there should be a consideration of whether the situation should be solved or that there should be more emphasis on the details. 4: Recommendations to Improve the Performance Training and Development is one of the significant techniques that can be used to boost the performance in an organization. The training is known to usually consist of focus on the acquisition of the skills needed for a persons job. Such training may be experienced especially in cases when a company decides to send an employee to a workshop to study a software package and learn on how to serve customers. The main goal of the training is to assist the employee to learn how to do their job better (Anderson, 122). Development is a process that is initiated to allow the employees gain the necessary tools for the performance of future responsibilities and long-term achievement of the goals and organizational developments. The goal is meant to prepare the employees for the promotions and future responsibilities. In the process, extensive programs might be used to make the employees ready for the future responsibilities and for the managerial careers. The training and development is known t o be a part of the human resource development involving the systematic and planned activities designed by the company. As such, the employees will be allowed an opportunity to learn the required skills to meet the current demands and the future job demands (Cartwright, 30). The human resource development is meant to run the training and development programs, organization development and career development career development. The human resource development take the main core of the three aspects mentioned to be learning. Generally, the creation of a conducive working environment is the immediate step towards the process of managing the performance management system. The entire system is concerned with the improvement of the effectiveness of the organization through the improvement of the human resource development. The main achievements of the goal are the training and development (Krausert, 72). The companies seen to invest on the training and development techniques for their employees are associated with a number of benefits. Employees and the society is also seen to invest in training and development that everyone believes that it plays a significant role in the success of the organization, the society and the individuals. 5: Implementing a Learning Organization The implementation of a learning organization is known to involve changing of resistance. The executive officers are the people responsible for driving the change. It is a persons vision that compels to the members to trying to become one. Visionary leaders taking the responsibility to set up a learning organization have make amendments to their agenda for the companies that are not prepared. The steps to building a learning organization involves; Building a vision and awareness where people are being notified of the necessity of learning at all the organizational levels. Henry Risen could use the process of organizational learning through the mentioned step to create a learning organization to its employees. The awareness is not only to be created to the management team but to the entire organizational levels and influence all the members to buy in the new vision. Two, one should build a facilitative organizational structure that is expected to be flexible and flatter. The structure should as well be able to remove silos and boundaries from the company. The leaders should be encouraging to help their staffs and the entire company to embrace the learning and secure the resources they gain from the management. There should also be step taken encouraging and the participation of the workers at all levels where the new philosophy should be openness, reflectivity and acceptance of errors. There should also be actions for building the learning cultures to allow the employees free time and training in terms of brainstorming and problem solving. With this, the decision of the members would be questioned without fear as recognition and rewards will be established. Conclusion The training and development of the employees is believed to be one of the main factors in a company that drives to the success of the business as well as its competitiveness. Management of performance is never a single entity but a comprehensive ongoing and continuous process with activities and programs to develop and improve the performance of the employees. A critical component of the performance management is the development of the employee and the criterion for the development plan. The human resource development is meant to run the training and development programs, organization development and career development career development. The companies engaging in these practices are said to benefit in multiple ways that assist them in gaining a lot more competitive advantages. Training and development is believed to be able to facilitate the strategies of a company and increase its effectiveness improving the recruitment and retention of the employees. It has been proven that the b usiness entities spending more on their employees training and development have low voluntary and involuntary turnover rates. Most of the companies are offering an extensive training and development opportunities to retain their employees Works Cited Aguinis, Herman.Performance Management. Pearson, 2014. Print. Anderson, Valerie.Research Methods in Human Resource Management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2004. Print. Armstrong, Michael.A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London [u.a.:Kogan Page, 2007. Print. Bacal, Robert.Manager's Guide to Performance Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print. Biech, Elaine, and Tony Bingham.Training and Development for Dummies. , 2015. Print Cartwright, Roger.Training and Development Express. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, 2003.Internet resource. Cokins, Gary.Performance Management: Integrating Strategy Execution, Methodologies, Risk,and Analytics. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2013. Internet resource. Krausert, Achim.Performance Management for Different Employee Groups: A Contribution to Employment Systems Theory. Berlin: Physica-Verlag, 2009. Internet resource. Luecke, Richard, and Brian J. Hall.Performance Management: Measure and Improve the efectiveness of Your Employees. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press, 2006.Print. Mello, Jeffrey A, and Jeffrey A. Mello.Strategic Human Resource Management. , 2014. Print. Moynihan, Donald P.The Dynamics of Performance Management: Constructing Information and Reform. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 2008. Internet resource. Saks, Alan M, Robert R. Haccoun, Monica Belcourt, and Monica Belcourt.Managing performance Through Training and Development.Toronto: Nelson Education, 2010.Print. Shipton, Helen, Pawan S. Budhwar, Paul Sparrow, and Alan Brown.Human Resource Management, Innovation and Performance. , 2015. Internet resource. Wilson, John P.Human Resource Development: Learning Training for Individuals Organizations. London [u.a.: Kogan Page, 2006. Print.

World Wars Essay Example

World Wars Essay - Tamil Eelam INTRODUCTION Tamil Eelam  (Tamil:   tami? i? am, generally rendered outside Tamil-speaking areas ) is a proposed  independent  statethat  Tamils  in Sri Lanka and the  Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora  aspire to create in the north and east of  Sri Lanka. Tamil Eelam has no official status orrecognition  by  world states  though sections of the Eelam were under  de facto  control of the  Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam  (LTTE) for most of the2000s. The name is derived from the ancient Tamil name for Sri Lanka,  Eelam. TAMIL PERIOD The  Jaffna kingdom (1215-1624 CE), also known as Kingdom of Aryacakravarti, of modern northern Sri Lanka was a historic independent monarchy that came into existence after the invasion of Magha, who is said to have been from Kalinga, in India. [1][2][3][4] Established as a powerful force in the north, east]  and west of the island, it eventually became a tribute paying feudatory of the Pandyan Empire in modern South India in 1258, gaining independence later with the fragmentation of the Pandyan control. 1][5] For a brief period, in the early to mid-14th century, it was an ascendant power in the island of Sri Lanka when all regional kingdoms accepted subordination. However, the kingdom was eventually overpowered by the rival Kotte Kingdom, around 1450. ASPIRATION AND CHELVANAYAKAM The  Federal Party (Sri Lanka)  (FP) became the most dominant Tamil political party in 1956 and lobbied for a unitary state which gave Tamil and Sinhalese equal rights, including recogn ition of two official languages (Tamil and Sinhala) and considerable autonomy for the Tamil areas. We will write a custom essay sample on World Wars specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on World Wars specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on World Wars specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was against this backdrop that the Federal party decided to sign the  Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact  in July 1957. In 1965, another pact, the  Senanayake-Chelvanayakam Pact  was signed but also not implemented. In 1973, Tamil parties call for regional autonomy was replaced with the demand for a separate state called Tamil Eelam. Two years later, in 1975, all Tamil political parties merged and became known as the  Tamil United Liberation Front  (TULF). In 1976, the first national convention of the  Tamil United Liberation Front  was held at  Vaddukoddai, where the party adopted a unanimous resolution called the Vaddukodai Resolution. This resolution charged that the Sinhalese government, with the use of the constitution of 1972, had used its power to deprive the Tamil nation of its territory, language, citizenship, economic life, opportunities of employment and education thereby destroying all the attributes of nationhood of the Tamil people. The resolution further called for the Free, Sovereign, Secular Socialist State of TAMIL EELAM. As a result of the Vaddukodai resolution, the Tamil United Liberation Front became the first Tamil political party to run its campaign on a separatist platform. It swept the parliamentary elections in the Tamil-dominated districts of the North and East in 1977, winning 18 seats and became the largest opposition in Parliament  The reason for the success of the TULF was seen as the result of gr owing Tamil agitation for self-determination. During the time of the Vaddukodai declaration, there were several Tamil militant organizations who believed that armed struggle was the only way to protect the sovereignty of the Tamil areas. TULF, however, believed in peaceful parliamentary ways towards achieving a solution. [24]  Though the TULF had adapted a separatist platform, they were still open to peaceful negotiations and decided to work towards a political agreement with President  J. R Jayewardene. The outcome was the District Development Councils scheme (DDC) passed in 1980. The District Development Councils scheme was based, to some extent, on decentralization of the government within a united Sri Lanka. DDCs were soon abandoned because the two sides were not able to agree to the number of District Ministers in the Tamil districts. [25]  In 1983 the Sixth Amendment was passed and required Tamil members of parliament and Tamils in public office to take the oath of allegiance to the unitary state of Sri Lanka. The Sixth Amendment forbade advocating a separate state even by peaceful means. Consequently, the TULF was expelled from the parliament for refusing to take the oath. [26] THE ERA OF THE LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM Eelam War IV  and  Sri Lankan Civil War The parts of northern and eastern Sri Lanka which were formerly under the control of the LTTE were run as a  de facto  state with its own government  in these areas. The Tamil Tigers also established a  military  wing   with land combat force, naval force (the  Sea Tigers), air wing which they called Tamil Eelam Air Force, in addition, the LTTE had run a judicial system complete with local, supreme and high courts. The  US state department  alleged that the judges had very little standards or training and acted as agents to LTTE; it also accused the LTTE of forcing Tamils under their control to accept their judicial system although the Tamils know that they were not forced and that a vote was taken to decide who would take control . Furthermore, within areas controlled by the LTTE the Tigers performed  state functions  including the operation of a civil Police Force, Human Rights organizations, offices for the coordination of humanitarian assistance board,[30]  health boards and education boards. 31][38][39]  It also ran a Bank (Bank of Tamil Eelam), a radio station (Voice of Tigers) and a Television station (National Television of Tamil Eelam)[32] Following the clearance of  Kilinochchi  by government troops which had been the administrative capital of the de facto LTTE controlled area  [40]  on January 2, 2009, the LTTEs civil administration system was suspended as the sta te of Tamil Eelam was gradually crushed by the resurgent Sri Lankan Army. The last pocket of territory controlled by the LTTE and vis-a-vis the remaining part of the LTTE controlled area was captured by the Sri Lankan Army on 18 May 2009. During this operation almost the entire civil and military leadership of the LTTE were killed. Tens of thousands of LTTE cadres surrendered to government troops. POST-LTTE ERA Following the defeat of LTTE, pro-LTTE political party  Tamil National Alliance  (TNA), also the largest political group representing Sri Lankan Tamil community, dropped its demand for a Tamil Eelam, in favour of a  federal  solution. 41][42]  There are ongoing bilateral talks between President Rajapaksas  UPFA  government and the TNA, on a viable political solution and devolution of power. [43]  Pro Tamil groups advocating independence for Tamil areas of Sri Lanka continue to run websites and radio telecasts. [44]  Since May 19, 2009 Tamil Eelam has ceased to exist as a physical entity but remains as political aspiration among sec tions of the  Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora. In May 2010,  New York  based lawyer  Visvanathan Rudrakumaran  formed a  Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam  intending to use soft power to reach its end. [45] - POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS - In the 1881 census,  Sri Lankan Tamils  numbered 687,200 constituting 25% of the total population. The  Tamil-speaking Muslim community  who used to live largely in the Northern and the Eastern provinces comprised another 6% of the population. The three decade Civil war that followed the anti-Tamil policies further affected the North and the East with over 80,000-100,000 people estimated to have been killed and over 400,000 Tamils fleeing their homes for refuge. Many people still live in IDP camps in the North and the East and the present-day demographics of the region has been changing due to more and more Sinhalese settling in these territories. - POLITICS Main article:  Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism The  United Kingdom  gained control of Sri Lanka in 1815 and administratively unified the island[18]  with a legislative council in 1833 with three Europeans and one each for  Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils and  Burghers. British Governor  William Manning, who arrived in Ceylon in 1919, created a reformed legislative council in 1921 and actively encouraged  Sinhala  communal thinking in the legislative council. [46][47]  As a result, the Tamils started to develop communal consciousness and began to think of themselves as needing to be represented by Tamil leadership. 46][47]  It was this development that made way for the development of the Tamil political organization called the  All Ceylon Tamil Congress  headed by  G. G. Ponnambalam. [48][49] SUPPORT FOR TAMIL EELAM India A survey in late 2008 by the  Tamil Nadu  daily  Ananda Vikatan  found 55. 4% of Indian Tamils in the state supported the separation of Tamil Eelam, while 34. 63% supported a federa l Tamil Eelam. Notable supporters of independence include politicians  Vaiko  and  Thirumavalavan. Directors  Bharathiraaja,  Seeman  and  Ameer Sultan  are strong advocates of the independence of Tamil Eelam. Muthukumar(Self-immolation of Muthukumar), a DTP operator for a Tamil magazine Penne Nee doused himself with kerosene at the Regional Passport Office, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India and set himself on fire to highlight the Tamil plight. [77] On April 2012 DMK president  M. Karunanidhi  said that India should prevail upon the United Nations to help carve out a separate Tamil Eelam from Sinhala-dominated Sri Lanka. Raising the issue in the  Lok Sabha  during zero hour, DMK leader T. R. Baalu said tyranny in the Tamil areas was continuing and Sinhalese army men were roaming around Tamil habitats in Sri Lanka and â€Å"thousands of people have been kept behind barbed wire fences. † He said the Indo-Sri Lankan accord was not being ratified and the 13th Amendment (devolution of powers to ethnic Tamils) was not being implemented. - WORLDWIDE COUNCILS AND ORGANISATIONS Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam The  Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam  (TGTE) is formed by unification of the  Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora  which aims to create Tamil Eelam, a state which TGTE aspire to create in the north and east provinces of  Sri Lanka. [   The TGTE and Tamil Eelam have no official status or recognition by any state or authority. The TGTE has been called a ploy to perpetuate  terrorism by the  Government of Sri Lanka,[92]  which is itself under international pressure for alleged war crime probes  For its part, the TGTE has maintained that it is a democratic organization, and intends to use soft power and not military power to its end. 45]  The exact words found in TGTE constitution are  : Whereas the TGTE has guided us towards a democratic system of government, in order to establish an independent state of Tamil Eelam based on the principles of peace, non-violence, tolerance, pluralism, transparency and accountability CONCLUSION its easy to speak from here but the pr oblems in tamil eelam and the difficulties faced by the tamilans were unspeakable all lost their means of living and their relations the problem will be solved if they are given a sepration from the srilanka by forming a new country